Rhodeus amarus, European bitterling : aquarium, bait

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Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782)

European bitterling
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Classification / Names ຊື່ສາມັນ | ຄຳສັບຄ້າຍຄືກັນ | Catalog of Fishes(ຕະກຸນ, ຊະນິດ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Acheilognathidae (Bitterlings)
Etymology: Rhodeus: Greek, rhodeos, a,-on = rose (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range ນິເວດວິທະຍາ

; ນ້ຳຈືດ ກ່ຽວກັບ (ຢູ່)ເທິງຊັ້ນພື້ນດິນໃນທະເລເປີດ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 0 - ? m. Temperate; 60°N - 40°N

ການແຜ່ກະຈາຍ ປະເທດ | ເຂດ FAO | ລະບົບນິເວດ | ການປະກົດຕົວ | Point map | ການແນະນຳ | Faunafri

Europe: central and eastern Europe and northern Asia Minor (Ref. 57778). Basins of North, southern Baltic, Black, western and southern Caspian and Aegean Seas (from Maritza to Struma drainages); Mediterranean basin, only in northern Rhône (France) and Drin drainages (Alabania, Montenegro, Macedonia). Abundant and expanding in most of its range, but locally threatened by water pollution, weed clearing, and stocking of predatory fish (Ref. 59043).

Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age

Maturity: Lm 4.4, range 3 - 6 cm
Max length : 11.2 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 88166); common length : 5.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 556); ອາຍຸສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍລາຍງານມາ: 5 ປີ (Ref. 9696)

Short description ສະລີລະວິທະຍາ | ການວັດແທກຮູບຮ່າງລັກສະນະພາຍນອກຂອງດິນ,ສັດ,ປາ…

ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ): 3; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ): 8-10; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ 3; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 8 - 10; ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫຼັງ: 34 - 36. Caudal fin with 19 to 20 soft rays. Differs from Rhodeus meridionalis by having sub-inferior mouth (vs. terminal), rostral cap covering all or at least more than half of upper lip (vs. only upper part of upper lip) (Ref. 59043).

ຊີວະສາດ     ຄຳແປສັບ (ຕ.ຢ. epibenthic)

Occurs most abundantly in still or slow-flowing water with dense aquatic vegetation and sand-silt bottom as lowland ponds, canals, slow-flowing rivers, backwaters and oxbows, where mussels are present (Ref. 59043). Found among plants over sand and muddy bottoms in shallow waters. Remarkable for its habit of deposing its eggs in the cavity of bivalves (Unio). Feeds mainly on plants and to a lesser degree on worms, crustaceans, and insect larvae. Formerly used for pregnancy tests: females injected with urine from pregnant women protruded their ovipositors (Ref. 6258). Live span is exceptionally up to 5 years but most individuals do not survive the year of their first reproduction and population sizes fluctuate greatly over the years (Ref. 59043).

Life cycle and mating behavior ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ

Spawns in clear, slow-running or still water, often with a muddy bottom. The presence of nearby freshwater mussels is of vital importance. Female deposits eggs within the valves of the mussel. Male sheds sperm into the inhalent current of the respiring mussel and thereby, fertilizes the eggs. Fry remain in the mussel until protection is not anymore required.

Main reference Upload your references | ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | ຜູ້ປະສານງານ | ຜູ້ຮ່ວມມື

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

ການປະມົງ: ທີ່ບໍ່ມີຄວາມສົນໃຈ; ຕູ້ປາ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ; ເຍື່ອ: occasionally
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ຂໍ້ມູນຕື່ມອີກ

Age/Size
ການເຕີບໃຫຍ່
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
ການວັດແທກຮູບຮ່າງລັກສະນະພາຍນອກຂອງດິນ,ສັດ,ປາ…
ສະລີລະວິທະຍາ
ຕົວອ່ອນ
ການປ່ຽນແປງຂອງຕົວອ່ອນ
ການທົດແທນທີ່
ຄວາມອຸດົມສົມບູນ
BRUVS
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
ການລ້ຽງສັດນ້ຳ
ຂໍ້ມູນການລ້ຽງສັດນ້ຳ
ສາຍພັນ
ກຳມະພັນ
Electrophoreses
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ
ພະຍາດ
ການປຸງແຕ່ງ
Nutrients
Mass conversion
ຜູ້ຮ່ວມມື
ຮູບ
Stamps, Coins Misc.
ສຽງ
ຫອຍມີພິດຊະນິດນຶ່ງທີ່ອາໄສໃນທະເລ
ຄວາມໄວ
ປະເພດການລອຍ
ເນື້ອທີ່ເຫືອກ
Otoliths
ສະໝອງ
ວິໄສທັດ

ເຄື່ອງມື

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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00781 - 0.01405), b=3.11 (3.05 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref. 69278):  3.0   ±0.34 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref. 120179):  ຕຳ່, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 4.5 - 14 ປີ (tm=2; tmax=5; Fec=40).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).