分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Issue
The species Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822) is considered as valid in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. May 2011: Ref. 86870) following Menon (1999: Ref. 41236). Please send references, or more studies are needed.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 5 - ? m (Ref. 4832). 熱帶; 28°N - 7°N
Asia: native to large rivers in the Indian subcontinent (Ref. 12693). Has been so widely transported in connection to aquaculture that its natural distribution can no longer be determined (Ref. 33488).
亞洲: 在印度的次大陸中原產於大河。 (參考文獻 12693) 曾經如此的廣泛地在和水產業的關聯傳送以致於它的自然分布無法確定.(參考文獻 33488)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 33488); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 6028); 最大体重: 12.7 kg (Ref. 4832)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 12-15; 脊椎骨: 39. Body plain greyish; 12-15 branched dorsal rays (Ref. 43281).
身体单色的略灰色的; 12-15个分枝的背鳍鳍条.(参考文献 43281)
Adults inhabit fast flowing streams and rivers (Ref. 41236). Can tolerate high levels of salinity. Juveniles are omnivorous to about 5 cm TL, adults are almost entirely herbivorous. Feed on plankton, but also grazes on algae. Spawning occurs in marginal areas of the water body with a depth of 50-100 cm over a sand or clay substrate. A 6 kg female can lay a million eggs (of 1 mm diameter) (Ref. 6028). Widely cultured in India but fails to breed naturally in ponds, thus induced breeding is done. Fishery harvests 40 cm fish weighing 1000 g and of about 3 years. A very active fish that thrives in ponds but spawns in swift rivers. Fingerlings are in great demand for stocking ponds between July and November (Ref. 4832).
栖息于快速地流动溪流与河川。 (参考文献 41236) 能容忍高度盐度。 稚鱼是杂食性的到大约 5 公分TL, 成鱼几乎完全食草。 吃浮游生物, 也啃食藻类。 在一个沙子或泥土底部上的水身体有深度 50- 100 公分的边缘区域产卵。 一个 6 公斤母鱼能生下百万个卵 (1 mm 直径) 。 (参考文献 6028) 广泛地在印度养殖但是无法自然地在池塘中繁殖, 如此引诱繁殖被做。 渔场捕获 40个公分鱼秤重 1000 g 与大约 3 年。 在池塘中繁荣的一个非常活跃的鱼但是在迅急的河川中产卵。 鱼苗是在大的要求方面在七月与十一月之间育种使用池塘.(参考文献 4832)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
亞洲: 在印度的次大陸中原產於大河。 (參考文獻 12693) 曾經如此的廣泛地在和水產業的關聯傳送以致於它的自然分布無法確定.(參考文獻 33488)
Roberts, T.R., 1997. Systematic revision of the tropical Asian labeon cyprinid fish genus Cirrhinus, with descriptions of new species and biological observations on C. lobatus. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 45:171-203. (Ref. 33488)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00727 - 0.01044), b=3.02 (2.97 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.4 ±0.17 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 13.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.12-0.29).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 178 [83, 324] mg/100g; Iron = 1.02 [0.51, 1.94] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [16, 18] %; Omega3 = 0.206 [0.101, 0.426] g/100g; Selenium = 152 [64, 361] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.1 [4.8, 27.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.745 [0.373, 1.266] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
