分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Lithognathus: Greek, lithos = stone + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 非产卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 ? - 150 m (Ref. 27121). 亞熱帶的; 22°S - 31°S
Southeast Atlantic: known only from the Orange River mouth to Natal, South Africa.
東南大西洋: 已知只來自橘河嘴到南非的納塔爾了。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 54.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3198); common length : 65.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3507)
背棘 (总数): 11; 背的软条 (总数): 10; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Silvery in color, crossbars fade with age.
银色的颜色，交叉的条纹褪色随着年龄。
Found over sandy substrate, in estuaries and oceanic waters. Enters lagoons (Ref. 3198). Feeds bottom invertebrates, including worms, crabs and shrimp (Ref. 27121). Spawns in the sea but uses estuaries as nursery grounds. Prime angling fish. Important food fish. Sold fresh and whole in markets.
在河口与大洋性水域中, 发现在砂质底部上了。 进入泻湖。 (参考文献 3198) 吃底栖无脊椎动物，包括蠕虫，螃蟹与虾.(参考文献 27121) 产卵在海中但是如繁殖场的使用河口。 主要的垂钓鱼种。 重要的食用鱼。 整只生鲜贩卖在市场中。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東南大西洋: 已知只來自橘河嘴到南非的納塔爾了。
Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
濒危 (EN) (A2bcd; B2ab(ii,v)); Date assessed: 04 December 2009
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.5 - 24.1, mean 15.7 °C (based on 28 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.00939 - 0.02556), b=3.04 (2.90 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 10.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 24.8 [12.9, 45.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.664 [0.364, 1.136] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.9, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.302 [0.191, 0.497] g/100g; Selenium = 45.7 [21.7, 85.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.95 [2.03, 19.38] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.722 [0.505, 1.031] mg/100g (wet weight);
