分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Otolithes: Greek, ous, oto = ear + Greek, lithos = stone (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 40 m (Ref. 9772). 熱帶; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959); 34°N - 35°S, 20°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, including Madagascar (absent in the Red Sea), eastward to southern China Sea and Queensland, Australia.
印度-西太平洋: 東非 , 包括馬達加斯加 (不存在於紅海), 向東至南中國海與澳洲的昆士蘭省。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 19.7, range 28 - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5284); common length : 40.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9772); 最大體重: 7.0 kg (Ref. 9987); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 3625)
背棘 (總數): 10 - 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 27-30; 臀棘 2; 臀鰭軟條: 7 - 8
Found in coastal waters (Ref. 30573). Adults feed on fishes, prawns and other invertebrates (Ref. 5213, 9772). Generally marketed fresh, may be dried or salted (Ref. 5284).
發現於沿岸水域了。 (參考文獻 30573) 吃魚，蝦與其他的無脊椎動物。 (參考文獻 5213,9772) 通常在市場上銷售生鮮地了, 可能是乾燥或鹽醃.(參考文獻 5284)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 東非 , 包括馬達加斯加 (不存在於紅海), 向東至南中國海與澳洲的昆士蘭省。
Chan, W., U. Bathia and D. Carlsson, 1974. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer and P.J.P. Whitehead (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 57) and Western Central Pacific (Fishing Area 71). Volume 3. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2113)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
更多資訊
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25 - 29.1, mean 28.3 °C (based on 798 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00777 - 0.00932), b=3.07 (3.05 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.8 (1.6 - 4.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.14-0.41; tm=1; tmax=5; Fec= 53,676).
Prior r = 0.56, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.83, Based on 4 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 71.5 [41.8, 125.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.766 [0.376, 1.336] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.7, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.198 [0.098, 0.350] g/100g; Selenium = 66 [36, 127] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.8 [6.2, 43.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.13 [0.81, 1.64] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
