Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مياه عميقة; نطاق العمق 0 - 2000 m (Ref. 9927), usually 500 - 700 m (Ref. 6744). Deep-water; 65°N - 40°S
Circumglobal: In tropical to temperate waters. Eastern Atlantic: Iceland and British Isles to South Africa including Canary Islands and Ascension Island (Ref. 6744). Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). Not recorded from the Mediterranean (Ref. 6744).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 27.6 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5951); common length : 9.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 6536)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع): 1; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع): 25-29; شوكة شرجية 1; أشعه شرجية لينه: 18 - 24; فقرات: 27 - 29. Body black dorsally, silvery on sides (Ref. 6622). Branchiostegal rays: 7-8 (Ref. 36622). Body deep, heavy, sides straight. Large adults very dark brown (Ref. 37108).
Juveniles are found from near surface to about 250 m to more than 1,000 m (Ref. 6536). Largest adults may be benthopelagic (Ref. 9851). Adults are plankton-eaters like the other members of the family (Ref. 6744). Oviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36622).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: فوائد محتملة
مزيد من المعلومات
مراجعالأستزراع المائيملف الأستزراع المائيسلالاتجينيElectrophoresesالتوريثالأمراضمعالجةNutrientsMass conversion
المتعاونينصورStamps, Coins Misc.اصواتالتسمم باكل السمكسرعةنوع السباحةمنطقة الخياشيمعظمة الأذندماغرؤية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 3.3 - 12.2, mean 8.1 °C (based on 510 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02630 (0.01238 - 0.05589), b=3.03 (2.83 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (18 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.5 [4.0, 67.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.452 [0.132, 1.423] mg/100g; Protein = 2.82 [0.00, 6.75] %; Omega3 = 0.188 [0.059, 0.608] g/100g; Selenium = 14.6 [3.8, 60.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18 [2, 154] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.449 [0.188, 1.168] mg/100g (wet weight);