Alopias pelagicus, Pelagic thresher : fisheries, gamefish

You can sponsor this page

Alopias pelagicus Nakamura, 1935

Pelagic thresher
Add your observation in Fish Watcher
Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Alopias pelagicus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
Upload your photos and videos
Pictures | Videos | Google image
Image of Alopias pelagicus (Pelagic thresher)
Alopias pelagicus
Male picture by Romanov, E.V.

Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Ελασμοβράγχιοι (καρχαρίες και σαλάχια) (sharks and rays) > Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) > Alopiidae (Thresher sharks)
Etymology: Alopias: From alopex, Greek for fox, referring to the ancient vernacular “fox shark,” from its supposed cunning (ancients believed that when it took a bait, it swallowed the hook until it got to the cord, which it bit off and so escaped). (See ETYFish);  pelagicus: Pelagic, (from pelagos, Greek for sea), referring to its “living in the upper layer of the sea,” in contrast to A. profundus [=superciliosus], which Nakamura believed dwelled on the “sea-bottom”). (See ETYFish).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά); ωκεανόδρομο(ς) (Ref. 51243); εύρος βάθους 0 - 300 m (Ref. 106604), usually 0 - 150 m (Ref. 55167). Tropical; 40°N - 42°S, 16°E - 70°W (Ref. 54277)

Κατανομή Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Point map | Εισαγωγές | Faunafri

Circumglobal. Indo-Pacific: Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Maldives (Ref. 30829), Somalia, South Africa, Western Australia, China, Taiwan, Japan, New Caledonia, Hawaiian Islands and Tahiti. Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California and the Galapagos. Reliable records lacking partly due to its confusion with Alopias vulpinus.

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: Lm 287.0, range 260 - 292 cm
Max length : 428 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 106604); 383.0 cm TL (female); common length : 276 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. ); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 29 έτη (Ref. 48844)

Short description Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά): 0; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά): 0; Εδρικές άκανθες 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 0. A small thresher with moderately large eyes, a broadly convex forehead, a very narrow caudal tip, and straight, broad-tipped pectoral fins (Ref. 5578). Upper lobe of caudal fin very long and strap-like, almost equal to length of rest of shark; lower lobe short but strong; terminal lobe very small (Ref. 13570). Dark blue on back and sides, underside white; no white patch over pectoral fin bases (Ref. 5578).

Βιολογία     Γλωσσάρι (π.χ. epibenthic)

Primarily an oceanic species but sometimes close inshore (Ref. 247, 5578, 58302); neritic to oceanic, 0-152 m (Ref. 11230). Epipelagic (Ref. 58302). Mesopelagic in the tropics; may enter atoll lagoons (Ref. 37816). Stuns its prey with its tail, presumably feeding on small fishes and cephalopods (Ref. 6871). Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 43278, 50449). Sometimes caught by ski-boat anglers (Ref. 5578). Utilized for human consumption, liver oil for vitamin extraction, hides for leather, and fins for shark-fin soup (Ref. 13570). A very common catch in the tuna and shark longline, and tuna drift net fisheries (Ref.58048). Maximum and common size of males estimated from discussion in Ref. 247. Adult females may reach at least 330 cm TL (Ref. 47613).

Life cycle and mating behavior Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother (oophagy) after the yolk sac is absorbed (Ref. 50449, 42326). Usually with at least two young (Ref. 6871). Size at birth about 100 cm (Ref. 6871); 130-160 cm TL (Ref. 58048). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | Συνεργάτες

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Endangered (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 06 November 2018

CITES


Threat to humans

  Harmless (Ref. 13570)





Human uses

αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί

Περισσότερες πληροφορίες

Χώρες
Περιοχές FAO
Οικοσυστήματα
Παρουσίες
Εισαγωγές
Stocks
Οικολογία
Δίαιτα
Τροφικά αντικείμενα
Κατανάλωση τροφής
Σιτηρέσιο
Κοινά ονόματα
Συνώνυμα
Μεταβολισμός
Θηρευτές
Οικοτοξικολογία
Αναπαραγωγή
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση
Γεννοβολία
Συναθροίσεις γεννοβολίας
Γονιμότητα
Αβγά
Egg development
Age/Size
Αύξηση
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Μορφομετρία
Μορφολογία
Προνύμφες
Δυναμική προνυμφών
Στρατολόγηση
Αφθονία
BRUVS
Αναφορές
Υδατοκαλλιέργειες
Προφίλ υδατοκαλλιέργειας
Στελέχοι
Γενετική
Electrophoreses
Κληρονομικότητα
Ασθένειες
Μεταποίηση
Nutrients
Mass conversion
Συνεργάτες
Φωτογραφίες
Stamps, Coins Misc.
Ήχοι
Σιγκουατέρα
Ταχύτητα
Κολυμβητικός Τύπος
Επιφάνεια βραγχίων
Otoliths
Εγκέφαλοι
Όραση

Εργαλεία

Special reports

Download XML

Διαδικτυακές πηγές

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Γένος, Είδη | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - αλιεία: landings, species profile; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Εθνικές βάσεις δεδομένων | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Δέντρο Ζωής | Wikipedia: Go, αναζήτηση | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 18.7 - 28.6, mean 26.7 °C (based on 2246 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.7500   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00411 - 0.02665), b=2.94 (2.72 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179):  Πολύ χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού > 14 έτη (Fec=2; tm=7-9; tmax = 29).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 12.5 [3.6, 65.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.765 [0.179, 2.248] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [17.5, 22.3] %; Omega3 = 0.237 [0.096, 0.582] g/100g; Selenium = 65.4 [16.1, 211.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.66 [3.23, 29.16] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.469 [0.225, 0.893] mg/100g (wet weight);