Classification / Names
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Siluriformes (Catfishes) >
Loricariidae (Armored catfishes) > Hypoptopomatinae
Etymology: Pareiorhaphis: Greek, pareia = jaw + Greek, rhaphis = needle (Ref. 45335); garapia: Named for the stream where the new species occurs and the waterfall which marks the known limit of its distribution. A noun in apposition..
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
; Γλυκού νερού βενθικό(ς); pH range: 7.6 - ?. Tropical; 17°C - ? (Ref. 105131)
South America: Arroio Garapiá, Rio Tramandaí drainage in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 6.0 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 105131)
Short description
Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά): 7-8; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 5 - 6; Σπόνδυλοι: 30 - 31. Pareiorhaphis garapia can be distinguished from all congeners by having the following characters: nuchal plate covered by thick skin and not exposed (vs. nuchal plate exposed and supporting odontodes); posterior process of the cleithrum narrow and elongate (vs. process wide, roughly rectangular); and last segment of the preopercular ramus of the latero-sensory canal limited to an ossified tubule or with a very narrow laminar expansion, always narrower than the canal itself (vs. canal associated to a wide laminar expansion, always wider than the canal). It further differs from most species except P. mutuca, P. vestigipinnis, P. calmoni, P. nudulus, P. hypselurus, P. stomias and P. lophia by the absence of the dorsal-fin spinelet. It can be distinguished from species without a spinelet, except P. nudulus and P. calmoni, by the narrower body at anal-fin origin (9.9-12.0 vs. 12.2-18.3% SL). The pectoral-fin spine in adult males is short and slightly curved, maximally reaching to the origin of the pelvic fin when adpressed (vs. pectoral-fin spine long, straight and reaching to one half of the pelvic-fin length, further distinguish the new species from P. nudulus and P. calmoni). In addition, it differs from all congeners, except P. nudulus, by having reduced number of plates on the snout, predorsal area and in the dorsal and mid-dorsal series, forming a large gap devoid of dermal plates between the dorsal and the adipose fins of apparently sexually mature but not fully developed individuals, measuring up to 50 mm SL (Ref. 105131).
Facultative air-breathing in the genus (Ref. 126274); Found upstream the 12 m high Garapiá waterfall, in a stretch starting at an altitude of 409 meters above sea level. This stream is characterized by crystal clear water, depths of up to 0.5 meter, width between 3 and 4 meters, strong current, and basaltic substrate composed of abundant rocks and pebbles. This stream consists of riparian vegetation formed by dense ombrophilous forest, most considered to be secondary. Most of the stream is covered by the canopy that blocks sunlight from directly reaching the water surface. Occurs syntopically with Astyanax sp., Pareiohaphis nudulus, Rhamdia sp. and Rineloricaria aequalicuspis. The following parameters were recorded on 12 October 2013: temperature 16.5°C, pH 7.6, conductivity 35.3 μS/cm, and Dissolved Oxygen 10.4 mg/l. (Ref. 105131).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Pereira, E.H.L., P. Lehmann, L.J. Schvambach and R.E. Reis, 2015. A new species of Pareiorhaphis (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the headwaters of the Arroio Garapiá, coastal drainage of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Zootaxa 4034(3):556-564. (Ref. 105131)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Περισσότερες πληροφορίες
Κοινά ονόματαΣυνώνυμαΜεταβολισμόςΘηρευτέςΟικοτοξικολογίαΑναπαραγωγήΓεννητική ΩρίμανσηΓεννοβολίαΣυναθροίσεις γεννοβολίαςΓονιμότηταΑβγάEgg development
Age/SizeΑύξησηLength-weightLength-lengthLength-frequenciesΜορφομετρίαΜορφολογίαΠρονύμφεςΔυναμική προνυμφώνΣτρατολόγησηΑφθονίαBRUVS
ΑναφορέςΥδατοκαλλιέργειεςΠροφίλ υδατοκαλλιέργειαςΣτελέχοιΓενετικήElectrophoresesΚληρονομικότηταΑσθένειεςΜεταποίησηNutrientsMass conversion
ΣυνεργάτεςΦωτογραφίεςStamps, Coins Misc.ΉχοιΣιγκουατέραΤαχύτηταΚολυμβητικός ΤύποςΕπιφάνεια βραγχίωνOtolithsΕγκέφαλοιΌραση
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00337 - 0.01709), b=3.12 (2.93 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
