分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Notothenioidei (Icefishes) >
Nototheniidae (Cod icefishes) > Trematominae
Etymology: Trematomus: Greek, trematos = hole + Greek, tomo = section, cut (Ref. 45335); bernacchii: Species name bernacchii honors Louis Bernarcchi, an Australian physicist-meteorologist; specimen collected on the Southern Cross Expedition and served on Scott's 1901 expedition (Ref. 45168).
More on author: Boulenger.
Issue
The genus Pseudotrematomus is a synonym of Trematomus, which is confirmed by a molecular study to be published (J.-C. Hureau, pers. comm. 08 Jun. 2010).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 700 m (Ref. 11892), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 45168). 極; 61°S - 78°S
Southern Ocean: Peter Island, South Shetland, Elephant and South Orkney islands. Mac-Robertson, Queen Mary, Adelie Coasts, Weddell, Davis and Ross seas. East Antarctica from Queen Maud Land to Terre Adelie.
南極海: 彼得島，雪特蘭群島南方部，象與奧克尼群島南方部島。 Mac-羅伯遜，瑪麗皇后， Adelie 海岸，威德爾海，戴維斯與羅斯海洋。 東的從皇后灰色條紋呢土地到 Terre Adelie 的南極洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 18 - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5179); 35.0 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2121); 最大年龄: 10 年 (Ref. 5179)
背棘 (总数): 4 - 6; 背的软条 (总数): 34-39; 臀鳍软条: 31 - 35. Body brownish, large dark spots in two or three series on body. Spinous dorsal blackish in upper part (Ref. 11892).
身体褐色的, 在身体上的二或三系列中的大深色的斑点。 刺状的背部黑色的在上半部中.(参考文献 11892)
Found in seafloors, well adapted to extremely low and stable temperatures (-1.86°C), annual mean temperature of McMurdo Sound) (Ref. 45168). Feed on polychaetes, gastropods, isopods, amphipods and few algae. Spawn once a year (Ref. 1071). Utilized for human consumption.
发现于海底了, 很好地适应非常低而稳定的温度 (-1.86 °C, McMurdo Sound 的年平均温) 。 (参考文献 45168) 吃多毛类动物，腹足动物，等足目动物，片脚类动物与很少的藻类。 供人类食用。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Although members of this Family are known to tend to egg masses, it is assumed that because of the high fecundity, this species is a non-guarder (RF), to be corrected if direct information becomes available.南極海: 彼得島，雪特蘭群島南方部，象與奧克尼群島南方部島。 Mac-羅伯遜，瑪麗皇后， Adelie 海岸，威德爾海，戴維斯與羅斯海洋。 東的從皇后灰色條紋呢土地到 Terre Adelie 的南極洲。
Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon, 1990. Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): -1.8 - -0.8, mean -1.7 °C (based on 2076 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00280 - 0.01029), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.9 (2.0 - 12.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.19-0.91; tm=3-6; tmax=10; Fec=1,200-3,123).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.4 [18.6, 70.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.456 [0.206, 0.860] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [16.3, 18.4] %; Omega3 = 0.417 [0.228, 0.727] g/100g; Selenium = 15.4 [6.7, 32.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.6 [3.5, 70.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.515 [0.356, 0.761] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
