分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Caranx: French, carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish; 1836 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 350 m (Ref. 7097), usually 1 - 200 m (Ref. 55173). 亞熱帶的
Atlantic Ocean, restricted to continental shelf areas. Mediterranean excluded.
東大西洋: 葡萄牙到安哥拉, 包括地中海西部。 西大西洋: 加拿大的新斯科舍省與墨西哥灣北部到烏拉圭 (參考文獻 7251), 包括大安地列斯群島.(參考文獻 9626) 小安地列斯群島東部沒有出現。 (參考文獻 26938) 印度洋記錄是可能是 浪人鰺〔Caranx ignobilis〕 的誤鑑. 來自太平洋的報告指的是 犬鰺〔Caranx caninus〕 , 那可能是同種的。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 66.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 124 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 75.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2683); 最大体重: 32.0 kg (Ref. 27584)
背棘 (总数): 9; 背的软条 (总数): 19-22; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 15 - 18. Diagnosis: Scutes on lateral line 23 (Ref. 57392) to 42 (Ref. 13442). No scales on chest (Ref. 13442), except a small mid-ventral patch in front of pelvic fins (Ref. 13442, 57392). Upper profile of head steep (Ref. 13442). Maxilla ending approximately below (Ref. 13442, 57392) or beyond (Ref. 57392) posterior edge of eye (in adult). Front of soft dorsal and anal fins elevated; olivaceous to bluish green dorsally, silvery to brassy on the sides; prominent black spot posteriorly on gill cover at level of eye, another at upper axil of pectoral fins, and often a third on lower pectoral rays; caudal yellowish (Ref. 13442).
鳞甲 25 到 42; 没有鳞片在胸上, 除了一之外小的腹面中央在腹鳍之前的小区块; 头部的上面轮廓陡峭的; 颚骨大约在眼的后缘下面终止; 软背鳍与臀鳍的前面升高的; 橄榄色的到蓝绿色的背面, 银色到黄铜色的侧边上; 突出的黑色斑点在眼的水平在鳃盖后面, 另外在胸鳍的上面叶腋, 与时常一第三在低的胸鳍鳍条上; 尾部的淡黄色的.(参考文献 13442)
Generally in neritic waters over the continental shelf (Ref. 5217), from the coastline, where it is common on shallow flats, to offshore waters (Ref. 57392). Adults ascend rivers (Ref. 26938). Juveniles abundant in brackish estuaries with muddy bottoms, near sandy beaches and on seagrass beds (Ref. 5217), entering lagoons and lower courses of rivers (Ref. 57392). They form fast-moving schools, although larger fish may be solitary. They feed on smaller fish, shrimp, and other invertebrates (Ref. 5521). Often grunts or croaks are heard when caught. Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233).
通常在大陆架上的浅海水域中.(参考文献 5217) 上溯到河川.(参考文献 26938) 稚鱼丰富的在半咸淡的河口以泥底部, 在沙滩的附近与在海草床上.(参考文献 5217) 形成快速移动的鱼群,虽然较大的鱼可能是独居性。 吃较小的鱼，虾与其他的无脊椎动物。 (参考文献 5521) 时常哼，否则嗄嗄叫当被捕捉时。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東大西洋: 葡萄牙到安哥拉, 包括地中海西部。 西大西洋: 加拿大的新斯科舍省與墨西哥灣北部到烏拉圭 (參考文獻 7251), 包括大安地列斯群島.(參考文獻 9626) 小安地列斯群島東部沒有出現。 (參考文獻 26938) 印度洋記錄是可能是 浪人鰺〔Caranx ignobilis〕 的誤鑑. 來自太平洋的報告指的是 犬鰺〔Caranx caninus〕 , 那可能是同種的。
Smith-Vaniz, W.F. and K.E. Carpenter, 2007. Review of the crevalle jacks, Caranx hippos complex (Teleostei: Carangidae), with a description of a new species from West Africa. Fish. Bull. 105(2):207-233. (Ref. 58464)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.5 - 27.9, mean 24.8 °C (based on 2020 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01738 (0.01424 - 0.02121), b=2.94 (2.91 - 2.97), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tm 3-4).
Prior r = 0.53, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.80, Based on 5 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.9 [4.1, 19.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.33 [0.17, 0.68] mg/100g; Protein = 20.9 [18.7, 23.4] %; Omega3 = 0.218 [0.121, 0.391] g/100g; Selenium = 33.8 [14.2, 84.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16 [5, 56] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.357 [0.217, 0.574] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
