Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; nir-ruaya; kisaran kedalaman 4 - 60 m (Ref. 30573). Tropical; 30°N - 33°S, 24°E - 65°E
Western Indian Ocean: from the Persian Gulf to the coast of Mozambique, East Africa; the Mediterranean Sea, western (Brazil and Florida) and eastern Atlantic Ocean (Canary Is.) and central Pacific. First record from the Eastern Pacific,
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 21.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 30573); common length : 20.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5450)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 12 - 13; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 21; Duri dubur 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 19 - 20
More often in silty reef areas than in rich coral growth (Ref. 30573). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 9710. Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 127989.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Allen, G.R., 1985. Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Akuarium: Komersial
informasi lanjut
AcuanBudidaya airprofil budidaya airStrainGenetikaElectrophoresesDiturunkanPenyakit-penyakitPengolahanNutrientsMass conversion
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.8 - 29.3, mean 27.2 °C (based on 238 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03090 (0.01711 - 0.05582), b=2.89 (2.74 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 13.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.49, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 36.5 [18.5, 61.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.497 [0.300, 0.811] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [17.1, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.0886 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 37.5 [20.0, 70.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 50.8 [12.5, 190.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.22 [0.85, 1.74] mg/100g (wet weight);
