分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)
真鯊目 (Ground sharks) >
Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
白眼鮫科 (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin. (See ETYFish); melanopterus: melanos (Gr.), black; pterus, from pteron (Gr.), fin, referring to its black-tipped fins. (See ETYFish).
More on authors: Quoy & Gaimard.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 75 m (Ref. 37816). 亞熱帶的; 35°N - 25°S, 7°E - 134°W
Indo-Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964), Red Sea and East Africa to the Hawaiian Islands and the Tuamoto Archipelago. North to Japan and south to Australia. Apparently rare or absent in the more easterly groups. Also eastern Mediterranean (through the Suez Canal).
印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到夏威夷群島與 Tuamoto 列島。 顯然稀有或不存在於比較東的群。 也地中海東部.(經過蘇伊士運河)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 102.0, range 91 - 120 cm
Max length : 200 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5578)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 0. A small shark with a short, bluntly rounded snout, oval eyes, and narrow-cusped teeth; 2nd dorsal fin large; no interdorsal ridge (Ref. 5578). Yellow-brown above, white below; all fins conspicuous with black or dark brown tips also anterior and posterior dark edging on pectoral fins and upper lobe of caudal fin; a prominent black tip of first dorsal fin set off abruptly by a light band below it; a conspicuous dark band on flanks, extending rearward to pelvic fins (Ref. 9997).
一種小的鯊魚有一個短, 鈍地圓的吻，橢圓形的眼與細尖的齒; 第二背鰭鰭大的; 沒有間背脊.(參考文獻 5578) 背面黃褐色的, 腹面白色的; 所有的鰭顯著的有黑色的或深褐色的頂端也在胸鰭與尾鰭上葉上的前面與後面的黑邊緣; 一個第一背鰭的突出黑色頂端在它之下突兀的出現一個淡色的條紋了; 在側面上的一個顯著的深色條紋, 在背後對腹鰭延伸.(參考文獻 9997)
Inhabits shallow water close inshore on coral reefs and in the intertidal zone (reef flats), near reef drop-offs and close offshore (Ref. 244, 58302). Also found in mangrove areas, moving in and out with the tide (Ref. 6871) and even in fresh water, but not in tropical lakes and rivers far from the sea (Ref. 9997). Occurs singly or in small groups (Ref. 244, 54301). Prefers fishes but also feeds on crustaceans, cephalopods and other mollusks (Ref. 6871). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). May become aggressive to spear fishers and has been reported to bite people wading in shallow water (Ref. 6871). Reported to cause poisoning (Ref. 4690). 2 to 4 young of 46 to 52 cm are born per litter (Ref. 1602). Generally marketed fresh (as fillet), may be dried, salted, smoked (Ref. 5284) or frozen (Ref. 9987). Fins are valued for shark-fin soup (Ref. 9987); liver as source of oil (Ref. 9997). This species is commonly seen in public aquaria (Ref. 54301). Maximum reported weight from IGFA was 13.550 kg (Ref. 40637). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
在礁海峭壁與接近外海的附近, 在珊瑚礁上與在潮間帶 (礁石平臺) 中棲息於淺水區近岸。 (參考文獻 244,58302) 也發現於紅樹林區域, 搬進與在外隨著潮水 (參考文獻 6871) 甚至在淡水中, 但是不在熱帶的湖中與河遠離海洋.(參考文獻 9997) 各別地或形成小群魚群生存。 (參考文獻 244,54301) 偏愛魚也吃甲殼動物，頭足類動物與其他的軟體動物.(參考文獻 6871) 胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 五月對魚矛漁法變成侵略性而且已經被報告咬在淺水區跋涉的人。 (參考文獻 6871) 報告引起毒害。 (參考文獻 4690) 46 到 52 公分的 2 到 4個幼魚出生每胎。 (參考文獻 1602) 通常在市場上銷售生鮮地 (如魚排)., 可能是乾燥的﹐鹽醃的, 煙燻 (參考文獻 5284) 或凍結.(參考文獻 9987) 鰭被認為有價值的用做魚翅湯;(參考文獻 9987) 如油的來源的肝臟.(參考文獻 9997) 這種是在通常中見到的公眾水族館。 (參考文獻 54301)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449). Litter size 2-4 pups (Ref. 244) after an 8-9 months gestation period (up to 16 months in some localities) (Ref.58048). Size at birth ranges from 33-52 cm (Ref. 244); 48-50 cm TL (Ref.58048). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Precopulatory and courtship involve the male closely following near the female's vent which could possibly be guided by their sense of smell (Ref. 49562, 47987).印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到夏威夷群島與 Tuamoto 列島。 顯然稀有或不存在於比較東的群。 也地中海東部.(經過蘇伊士運河)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.8 - 28.4, mean 27.4 °C (based on 397 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00244 - 0.00856), b=3.04 (2.89 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec=2).
Prior r = 0.26, 95% CL = 0.14 - 0.48, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (57 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 4.73 [0.83, 25.13] mg/100g; Iron = 0.387 [0.096, 1.146] mg/100g; Protein = 23 [20, 25] %; Omega3 = 0.162 [0.059, 0.403] g/100g; Selenium = 13.5 [4.1, 39.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.8 [9.3, 88.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.468 [0.221, 0.937] mg/100g (wet weight);
