分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)
真鯊目 (Ground sharks) >
Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
白眼鮫科 (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin. (See ETYFish); porosus: Latin for pored or full of holes, probably referring to large and conspicuous pores behind eye. (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 36 m (Ref. 9253), usually 16 - 32 m (Ref. 96339). 亞熱帶的; 33°N - 36°S, 116°W - 33°W (Ref. 55189)
Western Atlantic: upper Gulf of Mexico, to southern Brazil; recorded from Uruguay (Ref. 58839). Specimens of porosus from Borneo, Viet Nam and Thailand may represent an undescribed small species of Carcharhinus.
西大西洋: 墨西哥灣北部到巴西 (除了加勒比海島) 南部與烏拉圭.(參考文獻 58839) 東太平洋: 加州灣到祕魯, 不在離岸島嶼。 來自婆羅洲的 porosus 的標本, 越南與泰國可能是一個 Carcharhinus 的未描述小種.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 70.0 range ? - 84 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 244); common length : 90.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9253)
This species is a smooth-backed (lacking an interdorsal ridge) shark, with a low first dorsal fin originating over or behind the pectoral fin free rear tip. Adults' first dorsal fin anterior margin (from the origin of the fin to its apex) is as long as the distance from the apex to the free rear tip, so that apex makes an equilateral triangle with its origin and free rear tip; height of the first dorsal fin is about 8-9% of the total length. The second dorsal fin originates over the midpoint of the anal fin base. The caudal fin measures about one fourth of the total length. A series of conspicuous pores (hyomandibular pores) are located behind the eye. The upper teeth have long triangular cusps that become increasingly oblique towards the corners of the mouth, these have a weak notch or lack a notch on their medial edges, and a strong notch on the outer edges. Edges of the first four teeth have coarse serrations from the bases up to the notch and finer serrations from the notch to the tip and these coarse serrations disappear by the fifth or sixth tooth. Subsequent teeth have inner edges with uniform fine serrations from base to tip. The five or six outermost upper teeth have strongly oblique cusps with nearly straight inner margins and a strong notch on the outer margin while the lower teeth are erect and have cusps with a few coarse serrations at their bases and finer serrations towards the tips. Teeth number U:14-1-14; L:13-13. Dermal denticles are characteristic with a central strong ridge terminating in a long point, and two shorter ridges on wing-like sides; dorsal surface of the denticles has a coarse microsculpture. Body color gray above and dirty white below, unmarked fins (Ref. 86285).
Found in the continental shelves, preferably over muddy bottoms, and especially in estuaries. Feeds mainly on small fishes including young hammerhead and sharpnose sharks, and shrimps. Viviparous, with 2 to 7 young in a litter. Size at birth between 31 and 40 cm. Utilized fresh for human consumption and processed for fishmeal, and liver extracted for oil.
發現於大陸棚, 可能地在泥沙底上面, 與尤其在河口。 主要吃小魚包括雙髻鯊的幼魚與尖嘴鯊魚 , 與蝦。 胎生的, 有兩個到 7 幼魚在一胎。 在 31 與 40 公分之間出生時的大小。 生鮮使用供人類消費而且加工成魚粉 , 與肝臟抽取成魚肝油。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 墨西哥灣北部到巴西 (除了加勒比海島) 南部與烏拉圭.(參考文獻 58839) 東太平洋: 加州灣到祕魯, 不在離岸島嶼。 來自婆羅洲的 porosus 的標本, 越南與泰國可能是一個 Carcharhinus 的未描述小種.
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
極危 (CR) (A2d); Date assessed: 21 June 2019
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.5 - 27.9, mean 25.5 °C (based on 206 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00324 (0.00179 - 0.00584), b=3.10 (2.95 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 14.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (K=0.08; tm=6; tmax=12; assuming Fec<10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (77 of 100).
