分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) >
Sphyrnidae (Hammerhead, bonnethead, or scoophead sharks)
Etymology: Eusphyra: eu- (Gr.), good, well or very; sphyra (Gr.), hammer, referring to immense hammer-shaped head. (See ETYFish); blochii: In honor of physician-naturalist Marcus Elieser Bloch (1723-1799), who described and illustrated this shark in 1785, which he identified as Squalus zygaena. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 非产卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 31°N - 20°S, 47°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to the Philippines, north to China, south to Australia.
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣到菲律賓,北至中國, 南至澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 120 - ? cm
Max length : 186 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 6871)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 0. Grey or grey-brown above, paler below. Expanded lateral blades of head very narrow and wing-like, with a series of small bumps along edges in front of nostrils; width across head 40 or 50% of total length. Nostrils enormously expanded, each nearly 2 times the mouth head (Ref 13562).
背面灰色的或灰褐色, 腹面灰白的。 扩大了头部的侧面叶片非常狭窄而翼状的, 有一系列的小肿块在鼻孔之前沿着边缘; 横过头部 40 或 50% 的全长的宽度。 鼻孔非常地扩大, 每个几乎两倍嘴巴头部 (参考文献 13562).
Found in shallow water on continental and insular shelves (Ref. 244). Enters estuaries (Ref. 4832). Feeds mainly on small teleost fishes but also takes crustaceans and cephalopods (Ref. 13562). Viviparous (Ref. 50449), with 6 to 25 pups in a litter (Ref. 6871). Has a remarkable wing-shaped head which is nearly or quite half of its body length, the function of which is uncertain, maybe for maneuvering or for increasing the surface area of some of the sense organs (Ref. 244). Probably harmless to people (Ref. 13562). Caught commonly, but in low numbers, by inshore gillnet fisheries. Particularly common in catches off Kalimantan (Ref.58048). Probably a common fisheries species where it occurs (Ref. 13562). Meat utilized for human consumption; liver is a source of vitamin oil (Ref. 244). Offal probably utilized for fishmeal (Ref. 13562). Reported to reach 300 cm TL (Ref. 58784).
在大陆棚与岛屿棚上发现于浅水区了。 (参考文献 244) 进入河口。 (参考文献 4832) 主要吃小的硬骨鱼也捕食甲壳动物与头足类动物.(参考文献 13562) 胎生的 (参考文献 50449), 6 到 25个幼胎一胎.(参考文献 6871) 有一个显著的翼-形状的头部几乎是或者相当一半它的体长, 功能是不确定的, 也许为驱动或为增加一些感觉器官的表面区域.(参考文献 244) 可能对人无害.(参考文献 13562) 可能一个普遍经济鱼种在那里它出现.(参考文献 13562) 肉供人类消費使用了; 肝臟是一個維他命油的來源。 (參考文獻 244) 碎肉可能利用了魚粉。 (參考文獻 13562)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449), with 6 to 25 in a litter after a gestation period of 8 (Ref.58048) -11 months (Ref. 6871). Size at birth between 32 and 45 cm TL (Ref. 13562).印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣到菲律賓,北至中國, 南至澳洲。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
濒危 (EN) (A2d+3d); Date assessed: 18 February 2015
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.2 - 29.1, mean 28.3 °C (based on 970 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00275 - 0.00956), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Fec=6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.6 [2.7, 88.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.526 [0.132, 1.586] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [16.9, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.129 [0.056, 0.295] g/100g; Selenium = 76.7 [22.3, 229.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19 [8, 48] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.721 [0.349, 1.352] mg/100g (wet weight);
