分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes)
頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) >
Belonidae (Needlefishes)
頜針魚科 (Needlefishes)
Etymology: Tylosurus: Greek, tylos = callus + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Péron & Lesueur.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 13 m (Ref. 58302). 熱帶; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959); 21°N - 1°N
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and South Africa (Ref. 5317) and Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964) to French Polynesia (Ref. 6784), north to Japan (Ref. 559), south to New South Wales, Australia (Ref. 33390). Replaced by Tylosurus crocodilus fodiator in the eastern Pacific. Western Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to Brazil (Ref. 7251). Eastern Atlantic: Fernando Poo, Cameroon, Liberia, and Ascension Island (Ref. 5757); from Senegal and Guinea (Ref. 28587); and Cape Verde (Ref. 27000). Recorded from the Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 83387).
印度-西太平洋: 紅海與南非 (參考文獻 5317) 到法屬玻里尼西亞 (參考文獻 6784), 北至日本 (參考文獻 559), 南至澳洲新南威爾斯.(參考文獻 33390) 在東太平洋中被 掘食圓頜針魚〔Tylosurus crocodilus fodiator〕 取代了。 西大西洋: 美國的紐澤西到巴西.(參考文獻 7251) 東大西洋: 費爾南多波島，喀麥隆，賴比瑞亞與阿森松島;(參考文獻 5757) 也從塞內加爾與幾內亞 (參考文獻 28587) 與維德角.(參考文獻 27000)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 51.7, range 50 - 55 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 30573); common length : 90.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9682); 最大体重: 6.4 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 21-24; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 19 - 22; 脊椎骨: 75 - 80. This species with is distinguished by the following characters: body elongate, circular in cross-section; D 21-24 with anterior rays forming a relatively high lobe, 5.4-10.6 body length (excluding the head and caudal fin); dorsal fin origin about equal with or slightly in front to anal fin origin; A 19-22 with anterior rays forming a relatively high lobe, in 5.5-8.0 in BL; pectoral-fin rays 13 to 15 (usually 14 or 15); 270-340 predorsal scales; 75-80 vertebrae; jaws extremely long, forming a stout beak armed with very sharp teeth; no gill rakers absent; caudal fin deeply emarginate, the lower lobe much longer than the upper one and the caudal peduncle with a distinct, black lateral keel; body colour dark bluish green above, silvery below; juveniles (to 20 cm body length) with elevated black lobe in posterior part of dorsal fin which is lost with growth; scales and bones green (Ref. 9682, 90102).
背面深蓝色的, 侧边银色的, 腹侧白色的.(参考文献 5317) 一个明显的黑色侧龙骨在尾梗上; 尾鳍深深地分岔。 稚鱼 (到 20 公分 BL) 在后面的部分背鳍中有一个升高的黑色叶。 前面地在稚鱼 (对 40 公分 BL) 的颌齿点但是是直的大小不一在其他种的 Tylosurus 中.(参考文献 9682) 有一个相当矮胖又圆筒形的身体与较短的头部相较于其他的针鱼。
A pelagic species (Ref. 26340) found over lagoon and seaward reefs. Solitary or in small groups. Feeds on fishes (Ref. 11889). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). Feared by fishers because they can cause puncture wounds with their sharp snouts when jumping out of the water, e.g. when alarmed or attracted to lights at night. Although sold fresh and considered a good food fish, its market is limited due to the green-colored flesh (Ref. 5217). Widespread in tropical Indo-Pacific, divisible in two subspecies (Ref 90102). Caught by casting or trolling surface or near-surface lures; also with purse seines and drift nets (Ref. 9682).
一个大洋性鱼种 (参考文献 26340) 发现在舄湖与临海礁石上面了。 独居性或形成小群鱼群。 捕食鱼类。 (参考文献 11889) 卵生的.(参考文献 205) 卵可能被发现于在卵的表面上的卷须水依附于目标。 (参考文献 205) 因为离开水面，当跳跃的时候，他们能用他们的锐利吻引起破坏创伤，所以被渔夫害怕了, 例如当危险警报或者被夜晚的灯光吸引了。 虽然卖了生鲜地与被认为是一个好食用鱼, 它的市场是有限公司由于绿色的肉.(参考文献 5217)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 紅海與南非 (參考文獻 5317) 到法屬玻里尼西亞 (參考文獻 6784), 北至日本 (參考文獻 559), 南至澳洲新南威爾斯.(參考文獻 33390) 在東太平洋中被 掘食圓頜針魚〔Tylosurus crocodilus fodiator〕 取代了。 西大西洋: 美國的紐澤西到巴西.(參考文獻 7251) 東大西洋: 費爾南多波島，喀麥隆，賴比瑞亞與阿森松島;(參考文獻 5757) 也從塞內加爾與幾內亞 (參考文獻 28587) 與維德角.(參考文獻 27000)
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27.1 - 29.2, mean 28.5 °C (based on 1591 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00093 (0.00058 - 0.00150), b=3.14 (3.01 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.38 - 0.86, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (91 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 45.3 [13.1, 198.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.475 [0.220, 1.403] mg/100g; Protein = 16.4 [13.7, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.109 [0.046, 0.331] g/100g; Selenium = 39.2 [19.0, 90.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 176 [28, 893] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.644 [0.414, 1.036] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
