分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos)
鰺科 (Jacks and pompanos) > Naucratinae
Etymology: Naucrates: Greek, naykrates, -es, -es = supremacy in the sea (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - 300 m (Ref. 86942). 亞熱帶的; 61°N - 43°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumtropical in tropical seas. Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada to Argentina (Ref. 7251). Eastern Atlantic: British Isles (rare vagrant), Norway and Bay of Biscay to Namibia, including the Mediterranean and Canary Islands. Eastern Pacific: Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) to the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 2850) and Chile (Ref. 115205). Common throughout the Indian Ocean (Ref. 3197).
在熱帶的海洋中的 Circumtropical。 西大西洋: 加拿大的新斯科舍省到阿根廷.(參考文獻 7251) 東大西洋: 不列顛群島 (稀有的漂泊) 與比斯開灣到安哥拉, 包括地中海與加納利群島。 東太平洋: 溫哥華島 (加拿大卑詩省) 到加拉巴哥島島.(參考文獻 2850) 普遍的在印度洋各處.(參考文獻 3197)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5288); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9626)
背棘 (總數): 5 - 6; 背的軟條 (總數): 25-29; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 15 - 17. Body elongate, slender, and not strongly compressed; posterior end of upper jaw located at anterior rim of eye; dorsal fin with 4 or 5 spines followed by another spine and 25 to 29 soft rays (IV-V+I 25-29); lateral line without scutes; caudal peduncle with well developed fleshy keels and with dorsal and ventral peduncular fossae (Ref. 55763). Body dark to pale bluish, with 6-7 broad, dark bars; white tips on caudal lobes and on second dorsal and anal lobes (Ref. 3197).
身體黑的到灰藍色的, 有 6-7 寬又黑的橫帶; 在尾葉與第二背鰭與尾鰭葉上的白色的頂端.(參考文獻 3197)
Oceanic species with a semi-obligate commensal relationship with sharks, rays, other bony fishes and turtles (Ref. 5217). Young are usually associated with jellyfish and drifting seaweed (Ref. 2850, 9563). Feed on scraps of host's left over, parasites and excrement; also on small fishes and invertebrates (Ref. 5288). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Marketed fresh and salted or dried (Ref. 9283). Captured at the surface using hand nets (Ref. 26165).
大洋性魚種具有一個和鯊魚，魟，其他硬骨魚類與海龜的半互利共生關係。 (參考文獻 5217) 幼魚通常被伴隨著水母與漂流的海草。 (參考文獻 2850,9563) 吃寄主的吃剩的東西，寄生蟲與排泄物的小片; 也捕食小魚與無脊椎動物.(參考文獻 5288) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了與鹽醃或乾燥的.(參考文獻 9283) 捕獲在水表面使用手抄網。 (參考文獻 26165)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
在熱帶的海洋中的 Circumtropical。 西大西洋: 加拿大的新斯科舍省到阿根廷.(參考文獻 7251) 東大西洋: 不列顛群島 (稀有的漂泊) 與比斯開灣到安哥拉, 包括地中海與加納利群島。 東太平洋: 溫哥華島 (加拿大卑詩省) 到加拉巴哥島島.(參考文獻 2850) 普遍的在印度洋各處.(參考文獻 3197)
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., J.-C. Quéro and M. Desoutter, 1990. Carangidae. p. 729-755. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7097)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 November 2013
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.9 - 28.1, mean 20.9 °C (based on 3025 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00638 - 0.02986), b=2.94 (2.75 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 53.5 [24.2, 150.1] mg/100g; Iron = 1.83 [0.82, 3.87] mg/100g; Protein = 20.4 [18.9, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.235 [0.085, 0.623] g/100g; Selenium = 61.3 [21.5, 188.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.63 [1.58, 39.34] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.869 [0.481, 1.541] mg/100g (wet weight);
