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Betta pugnax (Cantor, 1849)

Penang betta
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Malaysia country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Occurs in Penang, Kedah, Terengganu, Pahang, Selangor and Johor (Ref. 56613). Samples from Penang were mainly collected from hill streams and foothills with clear water ranging from fast to slow-flowing and with substrate usually consisting of sand with rocks (Ref. 56613). Also Ref. 13220, 36654.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/my.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Tan, H.H. and P.K.L. Ng, 2005
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Anabantiformes (Gouramies, snakeheads) > Osphronemidae (Gouramies) > Macropodusinae
Etymology: Betta: Malay/Javanese origin. Bleeker (1850, 1858) indicates Ikan Wadder Bettah as the local name of Betta trifasciata Bleeker, 1849 (now Betta picta, Valenciennes, 1846) in the Ambarawa Javanese dialect. Ikan Wader is a common Javanese name for smaller freshwater fishes, especially cyprinids (already used in Old Javanese). See Blust, R. & Trussel, S. Austronesian Comparative Dictionary. Web Edition (https://www.trussel2.com/acd/)..

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecología

; agua dulce bentopelágico; pH range: 7.1 - 7.6; dH range: 5 - 12.   Tropical; 24°C - 28°C (Ref. 1672)

Distribución Países | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Point map | Introducciones | Faunafri

Asia: Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia.

Tamaño / Peso / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 6.7 cm SL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 56613)

Short description Morfología | Morfometría

Espinas dorsales (total): 0 - 2; Radios blandos dorsales (total): 7-10; Espinas anales 1-2; Radios blandos anales: 24 - 26; Vértebra: 28 - 31. A member of the Betta pugnax species group that can be differentiated from other members by the following combination of characters: presence of chin-bar; absence of dark marks below postorbital stripe on opercle; presence of dorsal transverse bars; caudal transverse bars present only in male; greenish to bluish iridescent scales on opercle and body; red subdistal band and black edge on anal fin; absence of dark edge on caudal fin; anal fin rays 25-28 (mode 26); lateral scales 28-31 (mode 29); postdorsal scales 11-12 (mode 11); pelvic fin length 26.6-43.8% SL; head length 27.5-35.2% SL; inter-orbital width 32.4-53.0% HL (Ref. 56613).

Biología     Glosario (por ej. epibenthic)

Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Occurs in small fast flowing forest streams (Ref. 13061). Inhabits mainly overhanging bank vegetation, submerged leaf litter and exposed roots of bank vegetation (Ref. 13220, 56613). Mouth brooder (Ref. 13061).

Life cycle and mating behavior Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva

Spawns in a depression on the substrate. Male broods the eggs in his mouth until hatching (Ref. 13061). Produces a minimum of 100 eggs (Ref. 1672).

Main reference Upload your references | Referencias | Coordinador | Colaboradores

Tan, H.H. and S.H. Tan, 1996. Redescription of the Malaysian fighting fish Betta pugnax (Teleostei: Belontiidae), and description of Betta pulchra, new species from Peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bull. Zool. 44(2):419-434. (Ref. 13220)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 January 2019

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

Acuario: Comercial
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Fuentes de Internet

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00376 - 0.02663), b=2.97 (2.75 - 3.19), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref. 69278):  3.3   ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliencia (Ref. 120179):  Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (Produces a minimum of 100 eggs (Ref. 1672)).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (10 of 100).