| Main Ref. | Bradbury, M.G., 1998 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral | other (see remarks) |
| Cross section | flattened |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Type of scales | other (see remark) |
| Diagnosis |
Fourth gill arch with filaments which are reduced in size compared to filaments in arches 2 and 3. Lateral-line scales: cheek 7; subopercular 5-8. Rostrum a short cone, usually tilted sharply upward. Disk strongly triangular-shaped with large, blunt, backward-sweeping subopercular spines. Bucklers on ventral surface of tail which are evenly distributed. Eyes directed laterally and slightly anteriorly; small mouth (Ref. 30695). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total | 17 - 18 |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 4 - 5 |
| Adipose fin |
| Attributes |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total |
| Pectoral | Attributes |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 11 - 13 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes |
| Position | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays |