| Main Ref. | Benine, R.C., 2002 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks | Mature males with 2-4 posteriorly-directed hooks per anal-fin ray segment. The number of hooked anal-fin ray segments decreases posteriorly. |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral | short and / or deep |
| Cross section | compressed |
| Dorsal head profile | more or less straight |
| Type of eyes | more or less normal |
| Type of mouth/snout | more or less normal |
| Position of mouth | terminal |
| Type of scales | cycloid scales |
| Diagnosis |
No scales long the predorsal region. Posterior edge of scales with chromatophores, enhancing the limit between these. Body deep (2-2.2 times in SL), greatest depth at dorsal-fin origin. Anal fin elongate. D ii; P1 i; P2 i; A iv. |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | 31 - 34 |
| Pored lateral line scales | 31 - 34 |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | 6 - 7 |
| Scale rows below lateral line | 6 - 6 |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | 13 - 14 |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | 10 - 12 |
| on upper limb | 7 - 9 |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | 14 - 14 |
| total | 33 - 33 |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 9 - 9 |
| Adipose fin | present |
| Attributes | forked; more or less normal |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 26 - 35 |
| Pectoral | Attributes more or less normal |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 12 - 12 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes more or less normal |
| Position abdominal before origin of D1 | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 7 - 7 |