| Main Ref. | Pavanelli, C.S., R.P. Ota and P. Petry, 2009 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks | Adult males with a lobule at the distal edge of the anal fin and dorsal-fin rays not elongated while adult females with distal anal-fin margin somewhat straight and first dorsal-fin rays elongated, forming filaments only during breeding period (Ref. 81196). |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral | short and / or deep |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | terminal |
| Type of scales | cycloid scales |
| Diagnosis |
Distinguished from other congeners by the combination of the following characters: gill rakers 22-24; scales on lateral line 100-110; scales rows above lateral line 48-56; predorsal scales 55-64; circumpeduncular scales 32-36; one or two bifurcate spines in the ventral keel; dark blotches, with ill-defined contour, sometimes forming transversal bars in the flanks (Ref. 81196). Description: Dorsal-fin rays i,15-17; anal-fin rays iii,32-36; pectoral-fin rays i,10-13; pelvic-fin rays i,6-7 (Ref. 81196). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | 100 - 110 |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | 48 - 56 |
| Scale rows below lateral line | 53 - 60 |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | 32 - 36 |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total | 38 - 38 |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 16 - 18 |
| Adipose fin | present |
| Attributes | more or less truncate |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 35 - 39 |
| Pectoral | Attributes more or less normal |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 11 - 14 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes more or less normal |
| Position abdominal before origin of D1 | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 7 - 8 |