Main Ref. | Pereira, E.H.L., P. Lehmann, L.J. Schvambach and R.E. Reis, 2015 |
Appearance refers to | |
Bones in OsteoBase |
Specialized organs | |
Different appearance | |
Different colors | |
Remarks | Mature males consist of small fleshy lobes on the lateral margins of head, and hypertrophied odontodes on the cheeks, opercle and pectoral-fin spine, and thickened pectoral-fin spine. Males possess a small and pointed urogenital papilla (vs. enlarged, swollen urogenital opening in females). The last branched pectoral-fin ray in females is one half length of first branched ray (vs. about two thirds in adult male). Pelvic fin is not reaching to the anal-fin origin in females (vs. just reaching to that point when adpressed in males). |
Striking features | |
Body shape lateral | elongated |
Cross section | |
Dorsal head profile | |
Type of eyes | |
Type of mouth/snout | |
Position of mouth | |
Type of scales | |
Diagnosis |
Pareiorhaphis garapia can be distinguished from all congeners by having the following characters: nuchal plate covered by thick skin and not exposed (vs. nuchal plate exposed and supporting odontodes); posterior process of the cleithrum narrow and elongate (vs. process wide, roughly rectangular); and last segment of the preopercular ramus of the latero-sensory canal limited to an ossified tubule or with a very narrow laminar expansion, always narrower than the canal itself (vs. canal associated to a wide laminar expansion, always wider than the canal). It further differs from most species except P. mutuca, P. vestigipinnis, P. calmoni, P. nudulus, P. hypselurus, P. stomias and P. lophia by the absence of the dorsal-fin spinelet. It can be distinguished from species without a spinelet, except P. nudulus and P. calmoni, by the narrower body at anal-fin origin (9.9-12.0 vs. 12.2-18.3% SL). The pectoral-fin spine in adult males is short and slightly curved, maximally reaching to the origin of the pelvic fin when adpressed (vs. pectoral-fin spine long, straight and reaching to one half of the pelvic-fin length, further distinguish the new species from P. nudulus and P. calmoni). In addition, it differs from all congeners, except P. nudulus, by having reduced number of plates on the snout, predorsal area and in the dorsal and mid-dorsal series, forming a large gap devoid of dermal plates between the dorsal and the adipose fins of apparently sexually mature but not fully developed individuals, measuring up to 50 mm SL (Ref. 105131). |
Ease of Identification |
Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
Scales on lateral line | |
Pored lateral line scales | |
Scales in lateral series | |
Scale rows above lateral line | |
Scale rows below lateral line | |
Scales around caudal peduncle | |
Barbels | |
Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
Gill rakers | |
on lower limb | |
on upper limb | |
total | |
Vertebrae | |
preanal | |
total | 30 - 31 |
Attributes | no striking attributes |
Fins number | 1 |
Finlets No. | Dorsal |
Ventral | |
Spines total | |
Soft-rays total | 7 - 8 |
Adipose fin | present |
Attributes | more or less truncate |
Fins number | |
Spines total | |
Soft-rays total | 5 - 6 |
Pectoral | Attributes |
Spines 1 | |
Soft-rays 6 - 7 | |
Pelvics | Attributes |
Position abdominal before origin of D1 | |
Spines | |
Soft-rays 6 - 6 |