| Main Ref. | Sánchez-Velasco, L. and W. Norbis, 1997 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Found on the shelf or coastal pelagic on various bottoms (sand, mud, rocks and seaweeds). Gregarious, ascending to the surface mainly at night. Omnivorous, feeding mainly on crustaceans, also planktonophagous. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Sánchez-Velasco, L. and W. Norbis, 1997 |
| Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 2.79 | 0.04 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. | ||
| From individual food items | 3.11 | 0.23 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Jukić, S., 1972 | ||||