| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ | Sánchez-Velasco, L. and W. Norbis, 1997 |
|---|---|
| ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | Found on the shelf or coastal pelagic on various bottoms (sand, mud, rocks and seaweeds). Gregarious, ascending to the surface mainly at night. Omnivorous, feeding mainly on crustaceans, also planktonophagous. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| ທາດຍ່ອຍ | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| ທີ່ຢູ່ອາໄສພິເສດ | |
| ທີ່ຢູ່ອາໄສພິເສດ Ref. |
| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | |
|---|---|
| ສະມາຄົມ | |
| ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບ | |
| ຄໍາເຫັນຂອງສະມາຄົມ | |
| ກາຝາກ |
| ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ Ref. | Sánchez-Velasco, L. and W. Norbis, 1997 |
| ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ | selective plankton feeding |
| ນິໄສການໃຫ້ອາຫານ Ref. |
| Estimation method | ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ | ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ | ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ | 2.79 | 0.04 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. | ||
| ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ | 3.11 | 0.23 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | Jukić, S., 1972 | ||||