Ref. principal | Pitts, P.A., 1991 |
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Notas | Inhabit coral reefs. Occur singly or in pairs. Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205). Feed on polychaete worms, coral polyps, crustaceans and mollusk eggs. Sessile invertebrates feeder (Ref. 57616, 126840). Adults may form plankton-feeding aggregations of up to 20 individuals, and occasionally clean other reef fishes which join the group, such as grunts, parrotfishes and surgeon fishes. (Ref: 40093). Combination of plankton-feeding aggregation and occasional cleaning occur but possibly very localised in space and time (Ref. 40093). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; Other habitats: deep-water corals; |
Special habitats Ref. | Simon, T., H.T. Pinheiro, R.L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, L.A. Rocha, A.S. Martins, E. Mazzei, R.B. Francini-Filho, G.M. Amado-Filho and J.-C. Joyeux, 2016 |
Ref. | Sazima, I., C. Sazima, R.B. Francini-Filho and R.L. Moura, 2000 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | Cleaned by Elacatinus figaro observed off the coast of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil (Ref. 40102). Also cleaned by Pomacanthus paru observed at the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, off eastern Brazil (Ref. 40094). |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2005 |
Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Da composição da dieta | 3.53 | 0.22 | 3.14 | 0.32 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
Dos itens alimentares individuais | 2.77 | 0.25 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |