| 主要參考文獻 | Cortés, E., 1999 |
|---|---|
| 附註 | Sluggish, nocturnal, and mostly solitary species. Inhabits rocky bottoms, kelp beds, sandy draws between rocks, on sand flats, deep crevices and small caves and also large underwater caverns. Adults tend to return to the same resting place every day (Ref. 43278). Feeds on benthic invertebrates, especially sea urchins, crabs and probably abalone, also fishes. Also in Ref. 9137. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| 參考文獻 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Cortés, E., 1999 |
| 攝取食物的習慣 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 從食物內容 | 3.20 | 0.32 | 3.18 | 0.39 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| 從個別的食物項目 | 3.60 | 0.54 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 參考文獻 | Cortés, E., 1999 | ||||