| Main Ref. | Svetovidov, A.N., 1986 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Lives above the bottom and often near the surface. Young live closer to the shore. Proportion of fish in the diet increases with age (Ref. 3663). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Soft Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Svetovidov, A.N., 1986 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Svetovidov, A.N., 1986 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 4.36 | 0.18 | 4.17 | 0.66 | Troph of adults from 15 studies. |
| From individual food items | 3.57 | 0.74 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Daan, N., 1989 | ||||