Ecology Summary - Pareques acuminatus

Língua:

Ref. principal	Carvalho-Filho, A., C. Oliveira, L. Maximiano, J. Tavera, A.P. Acero and A.P. Marceniuk, 2022
Notas	Occurs in clear waters of tropical islands, especially near coral reefs, but also in adjacent bays over rough bottom. Also often found under eroded edges of seagrass beds (Ref. 26938). Juveniles of about the same age, often in groups of 3-7, were observed in very shallow water under ledges or near sand pockets close to reef crevices, The young are usually found in small groups of the same age, in very shallow water under ledges or near sand pockets close to reef crevices,but may also be found in deeper water. Adults occurs among rocks, under ledges, inside caves and, eventually in the open. The species is mainly nocturnal, spending the day sheltered and feeding at night on sand, mud, and rubble bottoms close to the reef, feeding on crustaceans, polychaetes, small bony fishes, and zooplankton (Ref. 128874). Cleaned by Pomacanthus paru observed at the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, off eastern Brazil (Ref. 40094). Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 126840).

Ref. principal

Carvalho-Filho, A., C. Oliveira, L. Maximiano, J. Tavera, A.P. Acero and A.P. Marceniuk, 2022

Notas

Occurs in clear waters of tropical islands, especially near coral reefs, but also in adjacent bays over rough bottom. Also often found under eroded edges of seagrass beds (Ref. 26938). Juveniles of about the same age, often in groups of 3-7, were observed in very shallow water under ledges or near sand pockets close to reef crevices, The young are usually found in small groups of the same age, in very shallow water under ledges or near sand pockets close to reef crevices,but may also be found in deeper water. Adults occurs among rocks, under ledges, inside caves and, eventually in the open. The species is mainly nocturnal, spending the day sheltered and feeding at night on sand, mud, and rubble bottoms close to the reef, feeding on crustaceans, polychaetes, small bony fishes, and zooplankton (Ref. 128874). Cleaned by Pomacanthus paru observed at the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, off eastern Brazil (Ref. 40094). Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 126840).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	Estuários/lagunas/áreas estuarinas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds Grutas exclusivamente

Highighted items on the list are where Pareques acuminatus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.	Carvalho-Filho, A., C. Oliveira, L. Maximiano, J. Tavera, A.P. Acero and A.P. Marceniuk, 2022
Special habitats	Beds: sea grass; Other habitats: deep-water corals;
Special habitats Ref.	Simon, T., H.T. Pinheiro, R.L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, L.A. Rocha, A.S. Martins, E. Mazzei, R.B. Francini-Filho, G.M. Amado-Filho and J.-C. Joyeux, 2016

Associations

Ref.	Sazima, I., R.L. Moura and C. Sazima, 1999
Associations	symbiosis;
Associated with	Cleaned by Pomacanthus paru observed at the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, off eastern Brazil (Ref. 40094).
Association remarks
Parasitism

Alimentação

Tipo de alimentação	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967
Hábito alimentar	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Amostra original		População virgem (não pescada)		Nota
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Nota
Da composição da dieta	3.59	0.46	3.52	0.50	Troph of juv./adults from 1 study.
Dos itens alimentares individuais	3.50	0.37			Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item
Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967

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Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Habitat

Associations

Alimentação