Ecology Summary - Pentaceros wheeleri

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Main Ref.	Seki, M.P. and D.A. Somerton, 1994
Remarks	Possess an unusual life history that includes an extended epipelagic subadult phase and a benthic adult period. The benthic population resides and spawns on the southern Emperor and northern Hawaiian Ridge seamounts in the central North Pacific Ocean. Young armorhead are either transported or undergo an active migration from the seamounts to the epipelagic waters of the subarctic and transitional Northeast Pacific and Gulf of Alaska where they reside for the next 1.5 to 2.5 years acquiring enormous fat reserves. After attaining a size of 26-33 cm fork length, armorhead return to the seamounts where they quickly assume benthic habits and begin maturation (Ref. 42124).

Main Ref.

Seki, M.P. and D.A. Somerton, 1994

Remarks

Possess an unusual life history that includes an extended epipelagic subadult phase and a benthic adult period. The benthic population resides and spawns on the southern Emperor and northern Hawaiian Ridge seamounts in the central North Pacific Ocean. Young armorhead are either transported or undergo an active migration from the seamounts to the epipelagic waters of the subarctic and transitional Northeast Pacific and Gulf of Alaska where they reside for the next 1.5 to 2.5 years acquiring enormous fat reserves. After attaining a size of 26-33 cm fork length, armorhead return to the seamounts where they quickly assume benthic habits and begin maturation (Ref. 42124).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Pentaceros wheeleri may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Seki, M.P. and D.A. Somerton, 1994
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	3.41	0.39			Troph of juv./adults from 1 study.
From individual food items	3.78	0.73			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Seki, M.P. and D.A. Somerton, 1994

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