Main Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
---|---|
Remarks | Feeds on fish and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 188). Brackish- and saltwater, non-anadromous, entering limans and lower parts of river deltas, but occasionally in freshwater; a cold-loving species, tolerating 3 or 4 deg. C. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.44 | 0.76 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | 4.05 | 0.71 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |