Main Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
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Remarks | Inshore in summer, but at least some moving out into deeper waters from October (Mississippi delta area), although adults have been recorded near the shore in winter (Gulf of Florida). Feeds in dense schools as filter-feeders, but probably also feeds at bottom because of the presence of mud in the stomach. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
Feeding habit | filtering plankton |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 2.19 | 0.07 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |