Main Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
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Remarks | Occurs in rubble and gravel riffles, less often in sand-gravel runs of headwaters, creeks and small rivers. Also found in springs and their effluents and rocky shores of lakes. Feeds mainly on aquatic insect larvae, but also on crustaceans, annelids, fishes, fish eggs, and plant material (Ref. 1998). Feeds on fish, plants and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 1998). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble; |
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Substrate Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.29 | 0.46 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |