Main Ref. | Thollot, P., 1996 |
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Remarks | Inhabits coral reefs (Ref. 58534). A common species on reef flats among rocks, rubble, or debris and also occurs in lagoons and seaward reefs to depths of 26 m or more. Cavernicolous (Ref. 8593, 58302). Benthic (Ref. 58302). Nocturnal species that feeds on fishes, octopi, and probably crustaceans. Reported to be an aggressive species and prone to bite (Ref. 11889). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs: reef slope/drop-offs; reef flats; lagoons; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Thollot, P., 1996 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Thollot, P., 1996 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.57 | 0.31 | 3.66 | 0.63 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | 4.32 | 0.75 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Harmelin-Vivien, M.L., 1979 |