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Ecology of Hemiramphus far
 
Main Ref. Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990
Remarks Surface-dwelling omnivores (Also Ref. 9773). Lives in coastal waters of high islands and continental shorelines (Ref. 1602); also inhabits coral reefs (Ref. 1937, 58534). Present in seagrass beds at all life stages (Ref. 41878). Feeds on fish, plants, and zooplankton (Refs. 1602, 127989, 9773). Schooling species. Epipelagic inshore (Ref. 127989). Dwells in shallow waters, at the lee of coral reefs (Ref. 9773).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Hemiramphus far may be found.

Habitat

Substrate Benthic: demersal; Pelagic;
Substrate Ref. Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021
Special habitats Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref. Broad, G., 2003

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Myers, R.F., 1991
Feeding habit variable
Feeding habit Ref. Myers, R.F., 1991
Trophic Level(s)
Estimation method Original sample Unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition
From individual food items 2.69 0.30 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. cnidaria)
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