Phalloceros reisi Lucinda, 2008
Apiaí toothcarp
Phalloceros reisi
photo by Lucinda, P.H.F.

Family:  Poeciliidae (Poeciliids), subfamily: Poeciliinae
Max. size:  2.72 cm SL (male/unsexed); 4.99 cm SL (female)
Environment:  benthopelagic; freshwater
Distribution:  South America: headwaters of rio Tietê, rio Paraíba do Sul, rio Ribeira de Iguape, and small coastal drainages in São Paulo, Brazil.
Diagnosis:  Dorsal soft rays (total): 7-9; Anal soft rays: 9-11; Vertebrae: 31-32. Diagnosed by the following combination of characters: female urogenital papilla curved to the right, located laterally; border of the anal aperture in contact with the first anal-fin ray or very close to it; absence of the right hook and presence of the left one; gonopodial appendix asymmetrical, its halves different from each other, right half wider than left one; absence of a caudal peduncle spot; presence of a wide and square-shaped lateral spot in large specimens; rectangular tip of hook on left half of gonopodial appendix; lateral spot in adult females very narrow, forming a vertically elongated bar covering up to the length corresponding to two scales length in horizontal direction and 2-4 scales in vertical direction; background coloration light brown or yellow; and margin of scales on prepelvic region not visible, not bordered by dark chromatophores, forming a light, plain yellow region; and lateral spot absent or small and discrete not covering one or two scales in horizontal or vertical directions (Ref. 76852). Description: Pectoral fin with 5-7 branched rays; longitudinal series of scales 28-30; transverse series of scales 6-7 (Ref. 76852).
Biology: 
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 07 November 2018 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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