Urogymnus granulatus (Macleay, 1883)
Mangrove whipray
Pe sapi
Urogymnus granulatus
photo by Randall, J.E.

Family:  Dasyatidae (Stingrays), subfamily: Urogymninae
Max. size:  141 cm WD (male/unsexed)
Environment:  reef-associated; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 85 m
Distribution:  Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea to Oceania, distribution considered patchy but probably widespread.
Diagnosis:  Has white spots and a white tail.
Biology:  Found in mangrove areas, also over sand or sand and rubble in lagoons near reefs to depth of 85 m on the continental shelf (Ref. 9840). Feeds on small fishes, bottom dwelling crustaceans, and large infauna (Ref. 9840). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449), with histotrophy. Caught regularly, but in low numbers, by demersal tangle net and bottom trawl fisheries. Utilized for its meat, skin (high value) and cartilage (Ref.58048).
IUCN Red List Status: Vulnerable (VU); Date assessed: 20 May 2015 (A2bd) Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  traumatogenic
Country info:  Known from northern Java (Ref. 8630). With an Indonesian distribution from Papua to Sumatra (Ref. 47567). Also Ref. 78751.


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