| Introduced by Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (Ref. 1073). Established in all brackishwater farms, rivers, swamps and ricefields throughout the country. Introduced in a reservoir in Ambuklao, Mountain Province in 1956, in 1986-1989, they constituted the bulk (66%) of fish production (Ref. 27799). Competes with the Chanos chanos for food in brackishwater farms (Ref. 6096). A highly inbred population occurs and has hybridized with the Nile tilapia both in the wild and in captivity (Ref. 13364). Caused the near extinction of local endemic fish Mistichthys luzonensis (Ref. 12217). Also Ref. 88, 5731, 57960.
Ref:
Juliano, R.O., R.D. Guerrero III and I. Ronquillo, 1989
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