| Already reported as early as 1969, although it appears that these were research specimens imported from Singapore; existence of feral populations was reported in 1977, presumed to be escapees from aquaria and ornamental ponds (Ref. 4860). Established around Brisbane, Townsville, Cairns, Western Australia and in several other parts in Queensland. Has hybridized with O. hornorum and possibly with other tilapia as well. Nothing is yet known about the physiological and ecological characteristics and consequent potential for the spread of this mixed strain. Has been declared as a noxious species in Queensland with heavy penalties for translocation and cultivation. Also Ref. 12559, 48787 and 74657.
Ref:
Arthington, A.H., 1989
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