| Main Ref. | Thresher, R.E., 1984 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | polyandry |
| Spawning frequency | |
| Spawning aggregation | Yes. Ref. SCRFA, Science and Conservation of Fish Aggregations, 2018 |
| Batch spawner | Ref. |
| Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | During high tide, mature individuals swim ashore in large numbers and spawn on beaches. Females spawn on the surface with two or more males biting and hanging on to the ventral surface of each female. Eggs are left partially buried in sand and rubble (Ref. 240). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |