| Main Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | |
| Spawning frequency | Variable throughout range |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. McEvoy, L.A. and J. McEvoy, 1992 |
| Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Breeds at 20 to 25 m, near the shore or as much as 100 km out to sea. |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |