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Larvae Information Summary for  Pseudopleuronectes americanus
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Main Ref: Fahay, M. 1983
Yolk-sac larvae
  max min mod Ref.
Length at birth (mm) 3.5 2.4 3 38947
Preanal L. % TL 38 30    
Place of development planktonic
Larval area Mid-Atlantic Bight (Cape Hatteras to the Southern Scotian Shelf; Delaware Bay)
Yolk-sac       Ref:  
Yolk   Oil globules  
Rows on tail no rows
Other melanophores on tail one dorso-ventral cluster or band
Melanophores on head + trunk no melanophores on head or trunk
Eyes unpigmented.
Post larvae
Striking feature other
Striking shape lateral short and/or deep dorsal  
Striking feature other
Shape of gut  
Gas bladder   early   late  
Spinal armature   early   late  
Pigmentation early
Rows on tail no rows
Other melanophores on tail one dorso-ventral cluster or band
Melanophores on head + trunk no melanophores on head or trunk
Pigmentation late
Rows on tail no rows
Other melanophores on tail one dorso-ventral cluster or band
Melanophores on head + trunk no melanophores on head or trunk
Urostyle region   early unpigmented late unpigmented
Peritoneum covered with melanophores
Pectorals normal without melanophores
Pelvics normal (i.e. small or absent) without melanophores
At about 6.0 mm, vertica fin rays begin to appear and left eye has moved so that it is visible above dorsal outline of head. At about 8.0 mm, fins fully formed and left eye has migrated some more. At about 9.0 mm, the left eye moves to final position on right side; pigment fades from left (blind) side; fish swims and lies with blind side down and metamorphosis is complete. Sequence of fin formation: fin rays begin to ossify at about 7 mm NL, and all are complete by 13.0 mm SL.
Meristic characters
  max min mod Ref.
Total number of myomeres 40 34   68
  L 1st feeding Ref. Months of presence of larvae    Ref. 
max     Jan Feb Mar Apr
min 3.7 68 May Jun Jul Aug
mod     Sep Oct Nov Dec
Water parameters     Metric characters
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