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Family Trichodontidae - Sandfishes
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Order |
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Class |
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Teleostei |
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No. in FishBase |
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Genera : 2 | Species : 2 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |
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Environment |
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Fresh : No |
Brackish : No |
Marine : Yes |
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Division |
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Marine |
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Aquarium |
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none |
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First Fossil Record |
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Remark |
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Distribution: North Pacific. Body deep and strongly compressed. Mouth large,upward-oriented, strongly oblique; lips with a fleshy fringe. Preopercle with 5 prominent spines. Two dorsal fins, well separated, the first with 8-16 spines and the second with 0-1 spine and 12-20 soft rays. Anal fin comprises 0-1 spine and 28-32 soft rays. Caudal fin large, forked or truncate. Pectoral fins large and fanlike, extending practically to ventral midline, rays thickened; 21-27 rays. Pelvic fins thoracic, with 1 spine and 5 rays. Nostrils tubular, one pair (posterior pair absent). Scales absent. Lateral line canal well developed, situated high on body and following dorsal contour to caudal fin. Teeth small, sharp, in 2 or 3 rows on jaws and vomer; absent from palatines. Gill membranes united nateriorly and free of the isthmus. Branchiostegal rays 5 or 6. Gill rakers slender, fairly numerous (16-21). Swim bladder absent. Vertebrae 44-52. Silvery, with dark brown mottling and bars dorsolaterally. Attains 30 cm maximum length. Marinel; intertidal to depth of about 400 m, typically shallower than 200 m, on soft bottoms of flat relief. Not commercially fished; caught incidentally in trawl fisheries for shrimp and flatfishes, and easily caught by hand along sandy beaches where abundant. They are most active at night and are attracted by lights at the surface. They rest during the day partially buried in sand or mud with their eyes, mouth and dorsal fins showing. Feeds on small invertebrates. Two monotypic genera: Arctoscopus and Trichodon. Also Ref. 245. |
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Etymology |
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Greek, thrix, -ikos = hair + Greek, odous = teeth ( Ref. 45335). |
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Reproductive guild |
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nonguarders |
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Typical activity level |
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Main Ref.  |
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Coordinator |
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Deep Fin Classification  |
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Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Acanthopterygii | Percomorphaceae | Eupercaria | | | Perciformes | Cottoidei | Cottales | Trichodontidae |
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Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
The list ordered as follows:
- When subfamilies are recognized, nominotypical subfamily first then other subfamilies by alphabetical order.
- Type genus of the family first (or of subfamily when subfamilies are recognized) then other genera by chronological order of description (and alphabetical order).
- Type species of the genus first by chronological order (and alphabetical order), with last listed misapplied names in a light gray font.
- ! Marks misspellings of the species names that must not be used.
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
| Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination |
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Trichodon trichodon (Tilesius, 1813) | accepted | senior | new |
Trachinus trichodon Tilesius, 1813 | synonym | senior | original |
Trachinus gasteropelecus Tilesius, 1813 | synonym | junior | original |
Trichodon stelleri Cuvier, 1829 | synonym | junior | original |
Trichodon lineatus Ayres, 1860 | synonym | junior | original |
Arctoscopus japonicus (Steindachner, 1881) | accepted | senior | new |
Trichodon japonicus Steindachner, 1881 | synonym | senior | original |
Arctoscopus japonicus hachirogatensis Hatai, 1955 | synonym | junior | original |