Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
; air tawar; payau dasar (demersal); pH range: 6.5 - 7.5; dH range: ? - 15; potamodromous (Ref. 51243). Tropical; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 1672); 38°N - 1°N
Asia: Pakistan to Viet Nam and Indonesia.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 37770); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 500.00 g (Ref. 9671)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 33 - 40; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 67-82; Sirip dubur lunak: 67 - 83; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 87 - 98. Body dull brown with 1-3 darker, longitudinal zigzag lines, more or less connected to form a reticulated pattern, more or less distinct and restricted to the dorsal two thirds of the body (Ref. 27732).
Adults live in highland streams to lowland wetlands (Ref. 57235). Usually found in streams and rivers with sand, pebble, or boulder substrate. They seldom leave the bottom except when disturbed. Also occur in still waters, both in coastal marshes and dry zone tanks. Sometimes stays partially buried in fine substrate. Enter flooded forest (Ref. 9497). Reported to occur in areas with rocky bottoms in the Mekong mainstream during the dry season, but enter canals, lakes and other floodplain areas during the flood season (Ref. 37770). Forages at night on benthic insect larvae, worms and some submerged plant material (Ref. 12693). Common during the summer months. Marketed fresh and frequently seen in the aquarium trade (Ref. 12693). Economic important species, both food and aquarium trades (Ref. 57235).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Pethiyagoda, R., 1991. Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo. 362 p. (Ref. 6028)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Akuarium: Komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00372 (0.00276 - 0.00501), b=2.91 (2.82 - 3.00), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.27 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 261 [124, 515] mg/100g; Iron = 1.88 [0.89, 3.98] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [15.6, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.126 [0.064, 0.232] g/100g; Selenium = 22.6 [8.4, 64.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.9 [5.4, 38.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.19 [0.67, 2.32] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
