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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Haemulon: Greek, haimaleos = bloody (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 0 - 60 m (Ref. 36484). Subtropical; 34°N - 34°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, South Carolina (USA), and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil; throughout the West Indies and the coasts of Central America (Ref. 3798).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 16.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 7251); common length : 17.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3798)
وصف مختصر
الوصف الخارجي | قياسات المظهر الخارجي
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع): 12; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع): 14-15; شوكة شرجية 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 8. Mostly yellow, paler below. Scales below lateral line in oblique rows and much larger than those above lateral line. No other grunt has enlarged scales below the lateral line (Ref. 26938).
Occurs in large schools on rocky and coral reefs, often under ledges or close to elkhorn coral (Ref. 9710). Juveniles abundant in near-shore seagrass beds (Ref. 9710). Feeds mainly on small crustaceans (Ref. 3798). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3798).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
خطر للأنسان
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; حوض مائي: احواض مائية عامة; طعم: usually
مزيد من المعلومات
مراجعالأستزراع المائيملف الأستزراع المائيسلالاتجينيElectrophoresesالتوريثالأمراضمعالجةNutrientsMass conversion
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.4 - 28, mean 27.2 °C (based on 240 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00879 - 0.02168), b=3.00 (2.87 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.24).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 26.7 [11.5, 74.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.579 [0.281, 1.123] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.5, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.169 [0.076, 0.330] g/100g; Selenium = 15.4 [7.0, 31.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 38 [10, 140] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.714 [0.431, 1.162] mg/100g (wet weight);
