分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 9626). 熱帶; 25°N - 23°S
Western Atlantic: Panama to Santa Catarina, Brazil (Ref. 57756). Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Peru (Ref. 5530).
西大西洋: 巴拿馬到巴西里約熱內盧。 東太平洋: 墨西哥到祕魯.(參考文獻 5530)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3798); 最大体重: 300.00 g (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (总数): 12; 背的软条 (总数): 16; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 9. Body oblong, compressed and not very deep (depth contained 2.5 to 2.9 times in standard length); mouth large and terminal, its posterior end located at the same level as the posterior edge of the pupil; first gill arch with 19 to 25 gill rakers; dorsal fin notched, with 11 to 12 spines and 15 to 17 soft rays (XI-XII, 15-17); second anal spine slightly longer and stronger than third; scale series above lateral line oblique; body dark brown or silver gray; each scale bearing a pearly gray spot, the spots appearing to form lines following the scale series; lower part of preopercle with a black spot; caudal peduncle with a large dark spot; fins grayish (Ref. 55763). Scales below lateral line oblique; anal fin more heavily scaled than other species; silvery gray or brown on back, silvery on sides, with dark lines following oblique scale rows; a large black spot at caudal base (Ref. 13442).
身体长方形, 扁长形的而不是非常深的;(深度包含了 2.5 到 2.9 倍标准的长度) 嘴大且端位, 后端位于了那高度与瞳孔的后缘相同; 第一个鳃弓有 19 到 25个鳃耙; 背鳍凹槽, 藉由 11 到 12根棘与 15 到 17个软鳍条;(11-12,15-17) 第二臀鳍棘些微地更长与更强壮超过第三; 鳞片系列在侧线上面斜角; 身体深褐色或银灰色; 每个鳞片生长着似乎在鳞片系列之后形成线的一个浅蓝灰色灰色的斑点,斑点; 较下面的部位前鳃盖骨有一个黑色的斑点; 尾梗有一个大的深色斑点; 鳍浅灰色的.(参考文獻 55763) 鱗片在側線下斜角; 臀鰭鱗片更多的勝於其他的種; 銀灰色的或褐色背面, 銀色的在側邊上, 藉由黑色線條在斜的鱗片列之後; 在尾部的基底一個大的黑色斑點.(參考文獻 13442)
Found over sandy and rubble bottoms; occasionally on coral reefs and rocky areas (Ref. 3798). Rarely in clear oceanic insular areas (Ref. 5217). Often found in schools (Ref. 3798). Juveniles encountered near the shore, over sandy bottoms near seagrass beds (Ref. 9626). Feeds on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 3798). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3798).
发现在沙与碎石底部上了; 偶然地在珊瑚礁与岩石区上.(参考文献 3798) 极少在清澈的大洋性的岛区域。 (参考文献 5217) 时常集结成群。 (参考文献 3798) 稚鱼在海岸的附近见到了, 在海草床附近的沙质底部之上.(参考文献 9626) 吃底栖的无脊椎动物。 (参考文献 3798) 在市场上销售生鲜地了。 (参考文献 3798)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 巴拿馬到巴西里約熱內盧。 東太平洋: 墨西哥到祕魯.(參考文獻 5530)
McKay, R.J. and M. Schneider, 1995. Haemulidae. Burros, corocoros, chulas, gallinazos, roncos. p. 1136-1173. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9114)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆; 诱饵: usually
更多信息
参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.8 - 28.1, mean 27.1 °C (based on 282 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00851 - 0.02138), b=3.03 (2.90 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 46.7 [16.0, 86.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.58 [0.31, 1.03] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.4, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.145 [0.078, 0.231] g/100g; Selenium = 29.2 [17.4, 47.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 101 [41, 245] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.2 [0.8, 1.8] mg/100g (wet weight);