分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays) > Styracurinae
Etymology: Styracura: From Greek στυραξ (= (styrax), meaning "spine at the butt end of a spear" (Brown, 1954), and
ουρα (=oura) meaning tail, a suffix commonly used since Müller & Henle (1837) for whiptailed stingrays; referring to its greatly elongated caudal stings.; schmardae: Named for Ludwig Karl Schmarda (23 August 1819-7 April 1908), zoologist, explorer and founder of the zoological museum of the University of Graz, and later professor in the Zoological Institute of the University of Vienna (1861-1883) (Ref. 112396).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的. 热带
Western Central Atlantic: Gulf of Campeche and the West Indies to Suriname (Ref. 3168); including Brazil (Ref. 53430). Validity of this species questioned in Compagno's 1999 checklist (Ref. 35766).
中西大西洋: 坎佩切湾与西印度群岛到苏利南;(参考文献 3168) 包括巴西。 (参考文献 53430) 这种的有效性在 Compagno 1999 名录怀疑了。 (参考文献 35766)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 100.0 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
Disc ovate, broadly rounded. Tails with blunt tubercles. Upper surface dark brown, sooty olive. Edges of disc darker. Lower surface of disc and pelvic fins yellowish or cream white. Teeth little darker than lower surface (Ref. 6902).
体盘卵形的, 宽广地圆的。 尾部有钝的小瘤。 上表皮深褐色的, 深橄榄色。 体盘的边缘比较黑的。 体盘下表面与腹鳍淡黄色或乳白色的。 齿比下表面颜色深一点.(参考文献 6902)
Found on sandy bottoms, occasionally near coral reefs (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Marketed salted; also used in the preparation of gelatin and oil.
栖息于砂质底部了, 偶然地在珊瑚礁的附近.(参考文献 12951) 卵胎生的.(参考文献 50449) 在市场上销售盐腌的; 也被用于凝胶与油的材料。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).中西大西洋: 坎佩切湾与西印度群岛到苏利南;(参考文献 3168) 包括巴西。 (参考文献 53430) 这种的有效性在 Compagno 1999 名录怀疑了。 (参考文献 35766)
Stehmann, M., J.D. McEachran and R. Vergara R., 1978. Dasyatidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3168)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
濒危 (EN) (A2d); Date assessed: 21 June 2019
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.6 - 28.1, mean 27.5 °C (based on 146 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 13.6 [2.0, 252.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.646 [0.057, 7.729] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [18.1, 23.2] %; Omega3 = 0.11 [0.03, 0.33] g/100g; Selenium = 53.9 [11.2, 288.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.07 [0.40, 53.26] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.633 [0.037, 7.414] mg/100g (wet weight);
