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> Beloniformes (Needle fishes) > Hemiramphidae (Halfbeaks)
Etymology: Hyporhamphus: Greek, hypo = under + Greek, rhamphos = beak, bill (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Steindachner.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut; payau; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 20 m (Ref. 6390). Temperate; 28°S - 37°S

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Southwest Pacific: eastern Australia from Moreton Bay, Queensland to Eden, New South Wales, including Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands.

Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 39.8 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 10988)

deskripsi pendek Morfologi | Morfometrik

Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 15-17; Duri dubur 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 17 - 20; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 56 - 58. Preorbital canal with a posterior branch. Relatively longer jaws, especially at larger sizes. Gill rakers usually 34 or more in the first arch and usually 27 or more on the second arch.

Found in sheltered bays, clear coastal waters and sometimes in estuaries (Ref. 27012). Generally herbivorous. Feed mainly on seagrasses and algal filaments (Ref. 26551, 27013). Eastern sea garfish also consume a high proportion of crustaceans (Ref. 27013). A schooling fish, found generally near the surface at night and close to the sea floor over seagrass beds during the day (Ref. 6390). They are being preyed upon by mulloway (Argyrosomus hololepidotus) and tailor (Pomatomus saltatrix), as well as coastal water birds. No studies have been reported on the spawning of this species (Ref. 6390).

Life cycle and mating behavior Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva

Viviparous.

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator : Collette, Bruce B. | mitra

Collette, B.B., 1974. The garfishes (Hemiramphidae) of Australia and New Zealand. Records of the Australian Museum 29(2):11-105. (Ref. 10988)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)

tidak dinilai

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

Harmless

penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: komersial; umpan: usually

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

informasi lanjut

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metabolisme
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Sumber internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 18 - 23.4, mean 20.7 °C (based on 55 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00257 (0.00115 - 0.00574), b=3.09 (2.91 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 2.6 ±0.25 se; based on food items.

Daya lenting (Ref. 120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).

kategori harga (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Hyporhamphus australis (Steindachner, 1866)