分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Haemulon: Greek, haimaleos = bloody (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Gill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 3 - 30 m (Ref. 5227), usually 10 - 12 m (Ref. 5227). 熱帶; 28°N - 7°N
Eastern Central Pacific: Gulf of California to Panama.
中太平洋東部: 加州灣到巴拿馬。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 71.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55763); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55763); 最大体重: 2.3 kg (Ref. 40926)
Body oblong, compressed and not very deep (depth contained 2.9 to 3.3 times in standard length ); mouth large and terminal, its posterior end located under the anterior rim of the eye; first gill arch with 18 to 22 gill rakers; dorsal fin notched, with 11 to 12 spines and 16 to 18 soft rays (XI-XII, 16-18); second anal spine slightly longer and stronger than third; scale series above lateral line oblique; juveniles with 3 vertical bars and a caudal spot that disappears with age; adults with 6 or 7 dark gray vertical bars on a yellowish body; head with a dark spot behind the eye (Ref. 55763).
身体长方形, 扁长形的而不是非常深的;(深度包含了 2.9 到 3.3 倍标准的长度 ) 嘴大且端位, 后端位置在眼的前面边缘下面; 第一个鳃弓有 18 到 22个鳃耙; 背鳍凹槽, 藉由 11 到 12根棘与 16 到 18个软鳍条;(11-12,16-18) 第二臀鳍棘些微地更长与更强壮超过第三; 鳞片系列在侧线上面斜角; 稚鱼有 3个纵带，而且一个尾部的斑点消失于随着年龄; 在一个淡黄色的身体上成鱼有 6 或 7个深灰色纵带; 头部有一个深色的斑点眼睛后面。 (参考文献 55763)
Forms schools in coastal reefs during the day but disperses at night in search for food. Often feed by digging in sand (Ref. 5227).
在岸礁中形成鱼群在白天期间但是分散在晚上在寻找食物。 时常藉着挖掘沙子觅食。 (参考文献 5227)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).中太平洋東部: 加州灣到巴拿馬。
McKay, R.J. and M. Schneider, 1995. Haemulidae. Burros, corocoros, chulas, gallinazos, roncos. p. 1136-1173. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9114)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.9 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 149 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02512 (0.01488 - 0.04240), b=3.02 (2.88 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.73 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 8.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.13).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 26.6 [9.7, 51.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.52 [0.26, 0.95] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [17.5, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.118 [0.064, 0.199] g/100g; Selenium = 30.9 [16.3, 56.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 121 [44, 318] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.879 [0.599, 1.285] mg/100g (wet weight);
