分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 150 - 1000 m (Ref. 54594), usually 350 - 500 m (Ref. 54594). 溫帶; 79°N - 29°N, 65°W - 44°E (Ref. 54594)
Northeast Atlantic: Southwestern Barents Sea, sometimes north to Spitsbergen, southeastern Greenland, southern coast of Iceland, around the British Isles and south to Morocco and into the western Mediterranean. Northwest Atlantic: Newfoundland.
東北大西洋: 西南方的巴倫支海,有時北至斯匹次卑爾根群島，東南方的格陵蘭，冰島的南部海岸, 英國島的周圍而且南至摩洛哥與進入地中海之內。 西北大西洋: 紐芬蘭。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 86.5 range ? - 88 cm
Max length : 155 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大体重: 30.0 kg (Ref. 35388); 最大年龄: 20 年 (Ref. 1371)
背棘 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 70 - 81. Lower jaw longer than upper jaw; barbel shorter than eye diameter. Back gray-brown, grading to white ventrally. Posterior portions of vertical fins dark with pale margins.
下颌比上颌长; 触须短于眼直径。 背面灰褐色, 渐层色到腹侧白色的。 垂直的鳍的在后部部分深色且有灰白的边缘。
Found mostly from 350-500 m depth on muddy bottoms. Feed on crustaceans and fish (flatfishes, gobies, rocklings) (Ref. 1371).
在泥底部上从 350-500 公尺深大部分发现于了。 吃甲壳类动物和鱼类 (比目鱼，鰕虎鱼 , rocklings) 。 (参考文献 1371)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東北大西洋: 西南方的巴倫支海,有時北至斯匹次卑爾根群島，東南方的格陵蘭，冰島的南部海岸, 英國島的周圍而且南至摩洛哥與進入地中海之內。 西北大西洋: 紐芬蘭。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 2.1 - 14.1, mean 6.3 °C (based on 199 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00169 - 0.00538), b=3.03 (2.87 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.13-0.16; tm=8-11; tmax=20).
Prior r = 0.35, 95% CL = 0.23 - 0.52, Based on 4 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.4 [8.1, 35.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.278 [0.142, 0.592] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [15.8, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.381 [0.204, 0.707] g/100g; Selenium = 29.8 [15.2, 59.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.9 [2.7, 40.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.305 [0.198, 0.473] mg/100g (wet weight);
