Sarotherodon galilaeus, Mango tilapia : fisheries, aquaculture, aquarium

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Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Mango tilapia
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Sarotherodon galilaeus
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Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies) > Cichlidae (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Sarotherodon: Greek, saros, -ou = sawdust + Greek, ther = animal * Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

; Γλυκού νερού; Υφάλμυρο βενθικό(ς); ποταμόδρομος (Ref. 51243); εύρος βάθους 5 - ? m (Ref. 28714). Subtropical; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 2059); 35°N - 15°S

Κατανομή Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Point map | Εισαγωγές | Faunafri

Africa and Eurasia: Jordan system, especially in lakes; coastal rivers of Israel; Nile system, including the delta lakes and Lake Albert and Turkana; in West Africa in the Senegal, Gambia, Casamance, Géba, Konkouré, Sassandra, Bandama, Comoé, Niger, Volta, Tano, Lake Bosumtwi, Mono, Ouémé, Ogun, Cross, Benue, Logone, Shari and Lake Chad; Draa (Morocco), Adrar (Mauritania); Saharian oases Borku, Ennedi and Tibesti in northern Chad; Sanaga and Nyong basins in Cameroon (Ref. 4999). In the Congo basin, Sarotherodon galilaeus boulengeri is known from the lower and middle Congo River from Matadi to Pool Malebo (=Stanley Pool) and the lower Kasai (Ref. 2) and Lukenie (Ref. 55074) while Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus is present in the middle Congo River basin, in the middle Congo River and drainages of the Ubangi, Uele (Ref. 2, 55074), Itimbiri (Ref. 2, 55074, 106290), Aruwimi (Ref. 106290) and Lomami (Ref. 106245). Sarotherodon galilaeus is also reported from the Luilaka River (Ruki drainage, middle Congo River basin) (Ref. 93897). Five subspecies are recognized: Sarotherodon galilaeus borkuanus, Sarotherodon galilaeus boulengeri, Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus, Sarotherodon galilaeus multifasciatus, Sarotherodon galilaeus sanagaensis.

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: Lm 16.3, range 16 - ? cm
Max length : 39.5 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 57961); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 1.6 kg (Ref. 2756)

Short description Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά): 15 - 17; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά): 12-13; Εδρικές άκανθες 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 9 - 11; Σπόνδυλοι: 28 - 30. Diagnosis: 21-25 rakers on lower limb of first arch; length of lower pharyngeal jaw < 43.5% of head length; 29-32 scales in lateral line series; head length 32.5-39% of standard length; toothed area of lower pharyngeal jaw broad > 2-3 times in keel length (Ref. 81260).

Βιολογία     Γλωσσάρι (π.χ. epibenthic)

Has been known to occur at 9°C; occasionally form schools; territorial (Ref. 2). Adults prefer open waters but juveniles and breeding adults are found inshore (Ref. 4999). Often associated with beds of submerged vegetation in Sudd lakes; feed on algae and fine organic debris; bi-parental mouthbrooder (Ref. 28714). Lacks marked sexual dichromatism when sexually active; forms temporary pair bonds (Ref. 81260). Maximum size recorded at 41.0 cm TL (Ref. 2756).

Life cycle and mating behavior Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες

The initiative throughout courting and mating is taken predominantly by the female; female mainly responsible for the excavation of nest and defending mating territory. Pair-formation exists and is dissolved as soon as the eggs are in the parental mouth. Mouth brooding is reportedly biparental.

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής : Kullander, Sven O. | Συνεργάτες

Trewavas, E., 1983. Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 23 April 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); Υδατοκαλλιέργειες: Εμπορικό(ά); Ενυδρείο: Εμπορικό(ά)
FAO - Υδατοκαλλιέργειες: Παραγωγή; αλιεία: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Η θάλασσα γύρω μας

Περισσότερες πληροφορίες

Age/Size
Αύξηση
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Μορφομετρία
Μορφολογία
Προνύμφες
Δυναμική προνυμφών
Στρατολόγηση
Αφθονία
BRUVS
Αναφορές
Υδατοκαλλιέργειες
Προφίλ υδατοκαλλιέργειας
Στελέχοι
Γενετική
Electrophoreses
Κληρονομικότητα
Ασθένειες
Μεταποίηση
Nutrients
Mass conversion
Συνεργάτες
Φωτογραφίες
Stamps, Coins Misc.
Ήχοι
Σιγκουατέρα
Ταχύτητα
Κολυμβητικός Τύπος
Επιφάνεια βραγχίων
Otoliths
Εγκέφαλοι
Όραση

Εργαλεία

Special reports

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Διαδικτυακές πηγές

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Γένος, Είδη | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Υδατοκαλλιέργειες: Παραγωγή; αλιεία: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | OsteoBase: skull, spine | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Δέντρο Ζωής | Wikipedia: Go, αναζήτηση | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5001   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01778 (0.01393 - 0.02270), b=3.00 (2.93 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278):  2.0   ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.2 (1.7 - 2.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 22 growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179):  Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.22-0.5; tm=1.5-2; Fec > 1,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 107 [46, 211] mg/100g; Iron = 1.28 [0.55, 2.85] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.1, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.262 [0.143, 0.568] g/100g; Selenium = 23.9 [12.2, 50.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.94 [1.45, 21.59] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.72, 1.71] mg/100g (wet weight);