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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Williams.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina; brackvatten bottenlevande; djupintervall ? - 25 m (Ref. 55763). Tropical; 32°N -

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Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands.

Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 2272); common length : 50.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9330)

Adults are found in estuaries and up to 22 m depth (Ref. 9330), on sand or mud bottoms (Ref. 11482), common in some zones (Ref. 9330). They feed on fish (Ref. 28023). Marketed fresh or frozen (Ref. 9330).

Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver

Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Medarbetare

Hensley, D.A., 1995. Paralichthyidae. Lenguados. p. 1349-1380. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9330)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 25 May 2007

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fiskeri: kommersiell; Vattenbruk: experimentell

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 20.2 - 29.1, mean 24.3 °C (based on 232 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00290 - 0.01435), b=3.17 (2.99 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Fec=220,000).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Paralichthys woolmani Jordan & Williams, 1897