分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Forsskål.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 120 m (Ref. 9710). 亞熱帶的; 16°C - 30°C (Ref. 2060); 39°N - 35°S, 26°E - 134°W (Ref. 54571)
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to Samoa and the Line Islands, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia. Has dispersed into the eastern Mediterranean (off Lebanon) via the Suez Canal but not well established there.
印度-西太平洋: 東非到美屬薩摩亞與列島群島, 北至琉球群島, 南至澳洲。 經由蘇伊士運河進入地中海東部 (外海的黎巴嫩) 之內已經散佈但是不很好地在那裡建立。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 57.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3678); common length : 80.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55); 最大体重: 8.7 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 31 年 (Ref. 82366)
背棘 (总数): 10; 背的软条 (总数): 13-14; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body moderately deep, greatest depth 2.3 - 2.7 in SL; preopercular notch poorly developed; vomerine tooth patch crescentic; gill rakers of first gill arch 6-8 + 9-12 = 16-20 (including rudiments); scale rows on back more or less parallel to lateral line, or parallel below spinous part of dorsal fin and sometimes rising obliquely posteriorly, or rarely with entirely oblique rows. Colour of the body generally greenish brown on back, grading to reddish; belly silvery or whitish (deep water specimens usually overall reddish); juveniles with a series of about 8 white and streaks 2 blue across cheeks (Ref. 9821, 90102).
前鳃盖骨凹槽与疖瘤发展不良的。 鳞片列背面约略平行于侧线, 或平行的在背鳍的刺状部份之下与有时在后部地斜向上升, 或很少有完全斜的列。 通常绿褐色的背面, 渐层色到淡红的在侧边与腹的部份上。 来自深水域的拖网标本时常是淡红的有深色的鳞片中心与白色的鳞片边缘, 提供网状的外表。 稚鱼有一系列的横过颊的大约八个微白色的横带横越侧边 , 与 1 或 2 蓝色线。 L. argentimaculatus 用它的较长吻与截形尾部与更青铜色到呈绿色的颜色与 L. bohar 区分了。 (参考文献 37816)
A euryhaline species (Ref. 12743). Juveniles and young adults occur in mangrove estuaries, the lower reaches of freshwater streams (Ref. 30573, 48635, 44894) and tidal creeks (Ref. 44894). Adults are often found in groups around coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Eventually migrate offshore to deeper reef areas, sometimes penetrating to depths in excess of 100 m. Mainly nocturnal, this species feeds mostly on fishes and crustaceans. Excellent food fish (Ref. 5484, 44894). An important market species throughout the Indo-Pacific region, but never found in large quantities. A good aquaculture species because it doesn’t get rancid easily when frozen (Ref. 47992). It commands a good export market price with no limit on body size (Ref. 47992). No reported damaging diseases (Ref. 47992). Found in Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Caught mainly with handlines, bottom longlines, and trawls; marketed mostly fresh and dried-salted (Ref. 9821). Maximum length is 104 cm, max weight 14.5 kg and max age 39 years for specimens from the east coast of Australia (pers. comm., Andrew McDougall, 2007).
一个广盐性种类.(参考文献 12743) 稚鱼与年轻的成鱼出现在红树林河口，淡水溪流 (参考文献 30573,48635,44894) 与潮汐的小溪下面范围。 (参考文献 44894) 成鱼时常珊瑚礁的周围是形成鱼群。 (参考文献 9710) 最后向外海移动到较深的礁区, 有时深入超过 100 公尺的深度。 主要夜行, 这种大部分捕食鱼与甲壳动物。 优良的食用鱼.(参考文献 5484,44894) 一个重要的市场种在印度-太平洋的区域各处, 但是从不大量发现。 一个好养殖鱼种因为它不会容易地腐臭何時冷凍.(參考文獻 47992) 它具有好輸出市場價格沒有身體大小的限制。 (參考文獻 47992) 沒有被報告的有害疾病.(參考文獻 47992) 發現於了香港活魚販售.(參考文獻 27253)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 東非到美屬薩摩亞與列島群島, 北至琉球群島, 南至澳洲。 經由蘇伊士運河進入地中海東部 (外海的黎巴嫩) 之內已經散佈但是不很好地在那裡建立。
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.3 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 2180 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.01331 - 0.01721), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.19; tmax=18).
Prior r = 0.51, 95% CL = 0.34 - 0.76, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (80 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.7 [6.2, 19.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.299 [0.169, 0.563] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [17.9, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.182 [0.103, 0.321] g/100g; Selenium = 40.6 [19.2, 86.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 58.9 [10.1, 305.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.253 [0.175, 0.398] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
